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<p>This study investigates the impact of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes on streamflow and sediment yield within the Gidabo River Catchment of the Rift Valley Basin, Ethiopia. This study applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate LULC conditions between 1990 and 2013. Sensitivity, calibration, validation, and uncertainty analyses were performed using the SUFI-2 algorithm in SWAT-CUP. To isolate the specific hydrologic responses driven by historical land-cover transitions, a systematic parameter transfer approach (’fixing-changing’ method) was employed, separating LULC-dependent and LULC-independent variables. The model calibration and validation employed a monthly, multi-site approach. Calibration results demonstrated a strong alignment between observed and simulated streamflow and sediment yield, with the model successfully capturing 63% to 87% of the observed data within an acceptable uncertainty band. Validation results were similarly robust, bracketing 51% to 83% of the data within the uncertainty band. The model simulations indicate that LULC changes over the study period have led to increased annual streamflow and sediment yield in the Gidabo River Catchment. During the study period, streamflow showed a higher increase for both stations based on the validated results: +1.02 m<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}^{3}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>s<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}^{-1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for the Aposto station and +0.44 m<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}^{3}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>s<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}^{-1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for the Bedessa station. An increase of cultivated area during the study period resulted in an increase in sediment yield by 84.62 t km<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}^{-2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for the Aposto station and 22.92 t km<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}^{-2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for the Bedessa station. Notably, the annual sediment load reaching the Gidabo dam site was estimated to be 435.26 t km<InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}^{-2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> year<InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}^{-1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, the study identified spatial variability in sediment yield based on validated outputs, highlighting specific hot spot sub-basins. These findings serve as critical indicators for resource analysis and are essential for developing effective strategies to ensure sustainable natural resource management in the region and the country at large.</p>

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Impacts of land use and land cover changes on streamflow and sediment yield in the Gidabo River Catchment, Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Shemeles Meshesha Teshome,
  • Sisay Demeku Derib

摘要

This study investigates the impact of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes on streamflow and sediment yield within the Gidabo River Catchment of the Rift Valley Basin, Ethiopia. This study applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate LULC conditions between 1990 and 2013. Sensitivity, calibration, validation, and uncertainty analyses were performed using the SUFI-2 algorithm in SWAT-CUP. To isolate the specific hydrologic responses driven by historical land-cover transitions, a systematic parameter transfer approach (’fixing-changing’ method) was employed, separating LULC-dependent and LULC-independent variables. The model calibration and validation employed a monthly, multi-site approach. Calibration results demonstrated a strong alignment between observed and simulated streamflow and sediment yield, with the model successfully capturing 63% to 87% of the observed data within an acceptable uncertainty band. Validation results were similarly robust, bracketing 51% to 83% of the data within the uncertainty band. The model simulations indicate that LULC changes over the study period have led to increased annual streamflow and sediment yield in the Gidabo River Catchment. During the study period, streamflow showed a higher increase for both stations based on the validated results: +1.02 m \({}^{3}\) s \({}^{-1}\) for the Aposto station and +0.44 m \({}^{3}\) s \({}^{-1}\) for the Bedessa station. An increase of cultivated area during the study period resulted in an increase in sediment yield by 84.62 t km \({}^{-2}\) for the Aposto station and 22.92 t km \({}^{-2}\) for the Bedessa station. Notably, the annual sediment load reaching the Gidabo dam site was estimated to be 435.26 t km \({}^{-2}\) year \({}^{-1}\) . Furthermore, the study identified spatial variability in sediment yield based on validated outputs, highlighting specific hot spot sub-basins. These findings serve as critical indicators for resource analysis and are essential for developing effective strategies to ensure sustainable natural resource management in the region and the country at large.