<p>Floods are the most frequent and catastrophic disaster in India, resulting in numerous losses of life, displacement, and damage to property while significantly impacting the ecosystem. A comprehensive review of the present literature on flood assessment methods is essential since the impacts of floods continue to persist in the country. This study systematically examines existing flood analysis techniques, assessment frameworks, and modelling approaches while addressing their associated challenges and potential in India's flood-prone regions. The present analysis is incorporated with bibliometric literature analysis and historical accounts of flood disaster events. The findings highlight that the development of flood studies before the 2010s was stagnant, with a limited number, but abruptly increased with the introduction of various analysis techniques since then. The analysis reveals that remote sensing, geospatial approaches, multi-criteria decision-making, and hydrodynamic modelling have emerged as critical approaches for flood susceptibility mapping. The diverse geographical variation in India leads to the adoption of specific methodological approaches in different flood-prone zones of the country. Increasing research interest in flood studies and the advancement of analytical methods have the potential to deal with the prevailing flood events effectively for flood mitigation and forecasting. This review offers valuable insights into the trajectory of flood studies, identifies existing research gaps, and highlights prospects for improving flood assessment tools.</p>