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<p>The tribe Borasseae (Coryphoideae) has a long fossil history since the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) of the Deccan region of India. Several fossil borassoid palm species have been reported from different parts of India. In the present study, a new species of borassoid palm stem, <i>Palmoxylon mioflabellifer</i> sp. nov. is described from the late Miocene-Pliocene deposits of the western Bengal Basin. The fossil specimen is characterized by the presence of one to two layered tabular parenchyma, fibrovascular bundles with reniform sclerenchyma cap, rounded median sinus and lacunar ground tissues, showing its close affinity with the modern palmyra palm <i>Borassus flabellifer</i> L. While the genus <i>Borassus</i> L. existed in central India since the K-Pg interval, the only extant Indian species <i>B. flabellifer</i> might have diversified later in the western Bengal Basin during late Miocene-Pliocene. This part of the Bengal Basin may subsequently have served as a dispersal corridor, facilitating the expansion of <i>B. flabellifer</i> to Southeast Asian landmasses. Its occurrence further suggests the prevalence of a tropical humid environment at the site of deposition.</p>

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A new species of borassoid palm from the Neogene of Bengal Basin, India and its possible affinity with modern palmyra palm

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Anwesha Biswas,
  • Shreyasi Basak,
  • Madhab Naskar,
  • Nadir Sepay,
  • Mahasin Ali Khan,
  • Dipak Kumar Paruya,
  • Subir Bera

摘要

The tribe Borasseae (Coryphoideae) has a long fossil history since the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) of the Deccan region of India. Several fossil borassoid palm species have been reported from different parts of India. In the present study, a new species of borassoid palm stem, Palmoxylon mioflabellifer sp. nov. is described from the late Miocene-Pliocene deposits of the western Bengal Basin. The fossil specimen is characterized by the presence of one to two layered tabular parenchyma, fibrovascular bundles with reniform sclerenchyma cap, rounded median sinus and lacunar ground tissues, showing its close affinity with the modern palmyra palm Borassus flabellifer L. While the genus Borassus L. existed in central India since the K-Pg interval, the only extant Indian species B. flabellifer might have diversified later in the western Bengal Basin during late Miocene-Pliocene. This part of the Bengal Basin may subsequently have served as a dispersal corridor, facilitating the expansion of B. flabellifer to Southeast Asian landmasses. Its occurrence further suggests the prevalence of a tropical humid environment at the site of deposition.