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<p>Groundwater depletion and land subsidence have emerged as critical environmental challenges in rapidly urbanizing cities due to excessive groundwater extraction, increasing population pressure, and uncontrolled urban expansion. The present study investigates the relationship between groundwater depletion and potential land subsidence in the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), West Bengal, India, using geospatial techniques, Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Groundwater fluctuation data for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods were collected from the Groundwater Year Book (GWYB) for the years 2010, 2013, and 2020. Various thematic layers, including aquifer depletion, geology, land use/land cover (LULC), urbanization growth, tectonic activity, and drainage pattern, were prepared and integrated to delineate groundwater potential and subsidence-prone zones. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation was applied to analyse spatial groundwater variability, while hydrochemical parameters were evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV). The results reveal significant groundwater depletion in several parts of KMC, particularly within highly urbanized and densely populated zones. Urban expansion, reduced recharge potential, and unconsolidated geological formations were identified as major contributors to groundwater stress and potential land subsidence. The study highlights the effectiveness of integrating geospatial techniques and AHP-based MCDA for groundwater assessment and emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable groundwater management, artificial recharge measures, and continuous monitoring to reduce future subsidence risks in Kolkata.</p>

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Groundwater depletion and land subsidence susceptibility assessment in Kolkata Municipal Corporation using remote sensing GIS and AHP MCDA

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Dipanwita Das,
  • Ujjwal Bhandari,
  • Bappaditya Koley,
  • Anindita Nath,
  • Mousumi Roy

摘要

Groundwater depletion and land subsidence have emerged as critical environmental challenges in rapidly urbanizing cities due to excessive groundwater extraction, increasing population pressure, and uncontrolled urban expansion. The present study investigates the relationship between groundwater depletion and potential land subsidence in the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), West Bengal, India, using geospatial techniques, Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Groundwater fluctuation data for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods were collected from the Groundwater Year Book (GWYB) for the years 2010, 2013, and 2020. Various thematic layers, including aquifer depletion, geology, land use/land cover (LULC), urbanization growth, tectonic activity, and drainage pattern, were prepared and integrated to delineate groundwater potential and subsidence-prone zones. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation was applied to analyse spatial groundwater variability, while hydrochemical parameters were evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV). The results reveal significant groundwater depletion in several parts of KMC, particularly within highly urbanized and densely populated zones. Urban expansion, reduced recharge potential, and unconsolidated geological formations were identified as major contributors to groundwater stress and potential land subsidence. The study highlights the effectiveness of integrating geospatial techniques and AHP-based MCDA for groundwater assessment and emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable groundwater management, artificial recharge measures, and continuous monitoring to reduce future subsidence risks in Kolkata.