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<p>This study evaluates the hydrogeochemical status of the aquifers within the Chhattisgarh Basin overlying the concealed, metallogenic Sonakhan Greenstone Belt. By integrating pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major ions, and heavy metals (As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) from 53 groundwater samples, we evaluate the influence of mineral-rich basement within the shallow hydrologic regime. The findings indicate that the groundwater quality for both drinking and irrigation is primarily governed by silicate weathering and secondary carbonate dissolution, which remains well within the permissible limits. Localized enrichments of Na<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, and F<sup>−</sup> near Churela and Sarsiwa suggest limited anthropogenic overprints and evaporative effects, implying that the regional hydrological system is in a state of natural rock-water equilibrium. Non-carcinogenic health hazard from heavy metals for both adults and children is negligible, which reveals a total absence of heavy metal mobilization into the overlying aquifers, despite the presence of hydrothermal mineralized zones in the basement. Our findings suggest that the dense, hydrogeologically competent Mesoproterozoic sedimentary cover functions as a robust geochemical barrier, sequestering the mineralized basement and hindering the upward migration of toxic solutes.</p>

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Hydrogeochemical controls and associated human health risks in groundwater across the Chhattisgarh Basin-Sonakhan Greenstone Belt interface, Central India

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Ashish Narendra Bhandari,
  • Samir Debnath,
  • Sabyasachi Dutta,
  • Satya Narayana Mahapatro

摘要

This study evaluates the hydrogeochemical status of the aquifers within the Chhattisgarh Basin overlying the concealed, metallogenic Sonakhan Greenstone Belt. By integrating pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major ions, and heavy metals (As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) from 53 groundwater samples, we evaluate the influence of mineral-rich basement within the shallow hydrologic regime. The findings indicate that the groundwater quality for both drinking and irrigation is primarily governed by silicate weathering and secondary carbonate dissolution, which remains well within the permissible limits. Localized enrichments of Na+, Cl−, and F− near Churela and Sarsiwa suggest limited anthropogenic overprints and evaporative effects, implying that the regional hydrological system is in a state of natural rock-water equilibrium. Non-carcinogenic health hazard from heavy metals for both adults and children is negligible, which reveals a total absence of heavy metal mobilization into the overlying aquifers, despite the presence of hydrothermal mineralized zones in the basement. Our findings suggest that the dense, hydrogeologically competent Mesoproterozoic sedimentary cover functions as a robust geochemical barrier, sequestering the mineralized basement and hindering the upward migration of toxic solutes.