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<p>The availability of groundwater is vital for the overall development of society. The rapid increase in human population, urbanization, and industrialization has caused intense deterioration of groundwater regime, especially in developing countries. Hence, assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of groundwater is crucial for the prudent management of the water resources of a region, as it helps in the identification of critical zones and formulating appropriate strategies to deal with the problem. The objective of the study is to monitor the spatio-temporal changes in groundwater depth in Kurukshetra district, Haryana, using a Geographical Information System. The data of ninety-seven observation wells, from 1985 to 2020, were used for spatio-temporal analysis of depth to water level and water level fluctuation over a five-year interval. Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation technique was used to generate depth-to-water level and fluctuation maps. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) survey was conducted to understand the subsurface resistivity distribution for assessing groundwater conditions in the district. It was observed that 91% of the study area was covered in depth to a water level range of 10–15&#xa0;m, below ground level (m,bgl) and 15–20&#xa0;m,bgl, whereas a minor portion of the district, i.e., 0.5% was in the depth range of 0–5&#xa0;m,bgl in the year 1990. The entire district has a depth to water level within 20&#xa0;m,bgl in 1990. In the year 2020, 40% area of the district reached the depth to water level range of 40–45&#xa0;m,bgl, which is a severe decline in comparison to 1990. The results indicate that there has been an appreciable decline in depth to groundwater levels in the northern region of the district, followed by the central and southern regions over the last 35 years. The main reason for severe groundwater decline in the district is intensive cultivation of wheat and paddy, leading to the tremendous withdrawal of groundwater. Efficient irrigation methods, crop diversification, water harvesting, rejuvenation of old water bodies, and increased focus on government schemes like ‘Mera Pani-Meri Virasat’, sprinkler irrigation are recommended for addressing this issue.</p>

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Spatio-temporal monitoring of groundwater depth for sustainable groundwater resources management in Kurukshetra district, Haryana

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Aakash Deep,
  • Sushil Kumar,
  • Bhagwan Singh Chaudhary

摘要

The availability of groundwater is vital for the overall development of society. The rapid increase in human population, urbanization, and industrialization has caused intense deterioration of groundwater regime, especially in developing countries. Hence, assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of groundwater is crucial for the prudent management of the water resources of a region, as it helps in the identification of critical zones and formulating appropriate strategies to deal with the problem. The objective of the study is to monitor the spatio-temporal changes in groundwater depth in Kurukshetra district, Haryana, using a Geographical Information System. The data of ninety-seven observation wells, from 1985 to 2020, were used for spatio-temporal analysis of depth to water level and water level fluctuation over a five-year interval. Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation technique was used to generate depth-to-water level and fluctuation maps. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) survey was conducted to understand the subsurface resistivity distribution for assessing groundwater conditions in the district. It was observed that 91% of the study area was covered in depth to a water level range of 10–15 m, below ground level (m,bgl) and 15–20 m,bgl, whereas a minor portion of the district, i.e., 0.5% was in the depth range of 0–5 m,bgl in the year 1990. The entire district has a depth to water level within 20 m,bgl in 1990. In the year 2020, 40% area of the district reached the depth to water level range of 40–45 m,bgl, which is a severe decline in comparison to 1990. The results indicate that there has been an appreciable decline in depth to groundwater levels in the northern region of the district, followed by the central and southern regions over the last 35 years. The main reason for severe groundwater decline in the district is intensive cultivation of wheat and paddy, leading to the tremendous withdrawal of groundwater. Efficient irrigation methods, crop diversification, water harvesting, rejuvenation of old water bodies, and increased focus on government schemes like ‘Mera Pani-Meri Virasat’, sprinkler irrigation are recommended for addressing this issue.