Liquefaction susceptibility assessment using shear wave velocity: a review with a case study
摘要
Liquefaction is an incident where the saturated soil degrades its strength during dynamic or monotonic loading due to excess pore water pressure development. When geophysical measurements are the only viable option, it may be the sole alternative to assess liquefaction hazard. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of current research on liquefaction potential assessment using shear wave velocity (Vs) based method. This manuscript started with an explanation of liquefaction phenomena in the saturated soil, followed by a summary of available studies and Vs based liquefaction susceptibility assessment methods. The effect of fines (silt or lumps) intrusion in the Quaternary alluvial sand matrix on cyclic strength has been presented using the cyclic triaxial test (CTT) results. Further analyses of CTT results on alluvial sand containing various percentages of silt or lumps identified the limitation of existing Vs based liquefaction assessment methods. A case study has been considered for the soil in Gandhi Maidan location in Patna Smart City to show the efficiency and limitations of this method. Multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) tests has been used to estimate the Vs profile (average shear wave velocity for top 30 m has been estimated as 250.3 m/s) for the location along the depth. These estimated shear wave velocities have been used to estimate the liquefaction hazard for the location. The silty soil has been found liquefiable at 8 m, 9 m and 11 m depths. However, the effect of sand grains and lump intrusion in the silt matrix are not considered in this existing assessment method which identified the limitation of existing method and scope of detailed future study.