<p>Natural and anthropogenic activities can alter land use land cover (LULC) over time, but their impacts have tremendously increased last decade in several coastal regions worldwide. The present study was conducted to monitor and assess the LULC dynamic changes of the Indian Sundarbans in the last decade. The Indian Sundarbans is a unique and important ecosystem facing a range of multidimensional threats to its biodiversity and ecological health from natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Landsat 5 TM and 8 OLI images are used and collected for 2011, 2021, and ArcGIS software compares and visualizes the classified images. The Kappa coefficient was estimated for the accuracy assessment of LULC images with a coefficient value of 0.83 in 2011 and 0.87 in 2021. Around 64.4% (280.7 km²) of Farmland (fallow) has decreased and been converted in this period. During the last decades, the continual increase of 9% of the mangrove areas (10.0 km².) might be the result of a decade due to some islands having been newly formed where mangroves are produced naturally and the stringent surveillance and protection activities by the Forest Protection Committees (FPCs). It is observed that the sand area has increased mainly by about 67.3% from 2011 to 2021 in the entire study area. The result revealed that a large amount of fallow land area had been converted into cropped land due to the enhancement of agricultural fields and shrimp farming. Water body area slightly increased due to the conversion from fallow land into aquaculture uses. Muds area areas of LULC classes have extensively increased due to the afforestation of mangrove patches, where mangroves have converted into mudflats and waterlogged the forest area. Mangrove areas are slightly increased due to the few islands that have been newly formed or developed where mangroves are produced naturally. This research will be helpful for the earlier researchers, policymakers, and ground planners to improve the management plan for suitable development.</p>