<p>We analyzed air quality data from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) during 2010–2023, focusing on heat and non-heat wave periods. Our analysis covered 7 pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, NH₃, SO₂, CO, O₃) across 6 climate zones in India: Arid, Semiarid, Montane, Humid Subtropical, Tropical Wet, and Tropical Wet &amp; Dry. Additionally, we reviewed annual CO₂ and GHG emissions in India from 1990 to 2022. Our findings showed that particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) had a greater impact during heat wave periods across all climate zones except the Tropical Wet zone. Arid, Semiarid, and Humid Subtropical zones exhibited poor air quality during both periods, with worse conditions during heat waves. In these zones, the likelihood of air quality categories like moderately polluted, poor, very poor, and severe was generally low in both periods, and the Montane zone showed a similar trend, though pollution worsened during heat waves. NH₃ pollution remained relatively stable with low variability, while PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 showed lower probability certainty and greater variability. The study also highlighted that rising CO₂ and GHG emissions contribute to increasing global surface temperatures and the intensification of heat waves. The Semiarid zone, particularly Delhi, had the highest pollution levels, whereas the Montane zone and Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala recorded the lowest pollution levels.</p>