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<p>This study involves an extensive geological and geotechnical assessment of clayey materials from Feutap, West Cameroon, to establish their suitability for fire bricks. The field trip evaluated the thickness of each layer of clayey material along the profile; the structure and texture of the clayey materials were tested. The collected samples were then examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD); typical geotechnical tests were performed (grain size analysis, density, Atterberg limit, natural water content, porosity, and voice index); and bricks manufactured from this clayey material were sintered at 900, 1000, and 1100&#xa0;°C, respectively. Water absorption, linear shrinkage, and flexural strength were the technological properties tested. The field trip indicated that the feutap clay is developed on the weathering profile level, with heights ranging from 02 to 28&#xa0;m and a variety of hues. The structure ranges from angular to subangular polyhedral, and the texture is primarily clayey silt. The mineralogical examination revealed that kaolinite (25.8 to 90.71%), illite (5.5 to 29.42%), and montmorillonite (20 to 24.3%) were the most common clays minerals, with a few occurrences of goethite (3.8%), hematite (21.3 to 28.4%), calcite (24.8%), and magnetite (42.1 to 29.42%). The grain size study showed different proportions of fine sands (60% to 45%) and clays (40% to 57%). The plasticity index ranges from 35.73 and 72.47%. The density ranges between 2.49 and 2.87&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The bulk density ranges from 0.89 to 1.11&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup>, while the voice index varies from 57.98 to 65.75%. International classifications such as HRB (High Research Board), LCPC (Central Civil Engineering Laboratory of Bridge and Highway), and GTR (Guide to Road Earthworks) all conclude that those clayey materials are silty soils. The empirical diagrams suggest that these clayey materials are suitable for ceramic applications. The firing brick test on five samples (F13; F14, F31, F32, F33) have shown that the water absorption decrease with the temperature of sintering (30.03 to 19.47%); the linear shrinkage range from 5 to 6.6% and the flexural strength increase with the temperature (1.75 to 7.7 Mpa). According to the lower limit of flexural strength recommendation, which is 5 Mpa, four clayey materials are suitable for producing bricks at temperatures above 1000&#xa0;°C studied, while F31 requires correction to be suitable for firing brick at 1000&#xa0;°C. In order to improve the properties of firing brick with those clays, crushing feldspar must be added to lower the sintering temperature and increase flexural strength.&#xa0;</p>

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Geological and geotechnical characterization of clayey materials from Feutap (West Cameroon): suitability in ceramic industry

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Isaac Yannick Bomeni,
  • Isabelle Flora Fotsing Metegam,
  • Aubin Nzeukou Nzeugang,
  • Gervaise Kieufack,
  • Nathalie Fagel

摘要

This study involves an extensive geological and geotechnical assessment of clayey materials from Feutap, West Cameroon, to establish their suitability for fire bricks. The field trip evaluated the thickness of each layer of clayey material along the profile; the structure and texture of the clayey materials were tested. The collected samples were then examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD); typical geotechnical tests were performed (grain size analysis, density, Atterberg limit, natural water content, porosity, and voice index); and bricks manufactured from this clayey material were sintered at 900, 1000, and 1100 °C, respectively. Water absorption, linear shrinkage, and flexural strength were the technological properties tested. The field trip indicated that the feutap clay is developed on the weathering profile level, with heights ranging from 02 to 28 m and a variety of hues. The structure ranges from angular to subangular polyhedral, and the texture is primarily clayey silt. The mineralogical examination revealed that kaolinite (25.8 to 90.71%), illite (5.5 to 29.42%), and montmorillonite (20 to 24.3%) were the most common clays minerals, with a few occurrences of goethite (3.8%), hematite (21.3 to 28.4%), calcite (24.8%), and magnetite (42.1 to 29.42%). The grain size study showed different proportions of fine sands (60% to 45%) and clays (40% to 57%). The plasticity index ranges from 35.73 and 72.47%. The density ranges between 2.49 and 2.87 g/cm3. The bulk density ranges from 0.89 to 1.11 g/cm3, while the voice index varies from 57.98 to 65.75%. International classifications such as HRB (High Research Board), LCPC (Central Civil Engineering Laboratory of Bridge and Highway), and GTR (Guide to Road Earthworks) all conclude that those clayey materials are silty soils. The empirical diagrams suggest that these clayey materials are suitable for ceramic applications. The firing brick test on five samples (F13; F14, F31, F32, F33) have shown that the water absorption decrease with the temperature of sintering (30.03 to 19.47%); the linear shrinkage range from 5 to 6.6% and the flexural strength increase with the temperature (1.75 to 7.7 Mpa). According to the lower limit of flexural strength recommendation, which is 5 Mpa, four clayey materials are suitable for producing bricks at temperatures above 1000 °C studied, while F31 requires correction to be suitable for firing brick at 1000 °C. In order to improve the properties of firing brick with those clays, crushing feldspar must be added to lower the sintering temperature and increase flexural strength.