Novel method to determine bedrock from a single sensor based seismic reflection signal using Haar wavelet transform

The determination of bedrock depth is crucial across various earth sciences and related fields. Geophysical techniques, notably the continuous wavelet transform, are increasingly employed to map subsurface bedrock structures. This method allows the transformation of 1D time domain seismic reflection signals into a 2D image, providing time–frequency representations for feature extraction. Leveraging the advantages of wavelet theory, particularly the Haar wavelet known for its simplicity and compact support, this study utilizes continuous Haar wavelet local maxima lines to enhance bedrock analysis. Seismic reflection data is acquired using an extremely sensitive geophone as a receiver along with a high dynamic range data logger. The Common Midpoint (CMP) approach, coupled with optimized offset distances, is utilized to ensure robust data quality and signal strength. Simple sources, such as a sledgehammer, generate sound waves for data collection prior to borehole drilling, correlating acquired data with lithogeological information. This research emphasizes the significance of adjusting parameters like sampling frequency, choice of wavelet, and optimal offset distances. The methodology employed, involving a single geophone, a one-channel data recorder, and a basic sledgehammer as a sound source, offers an inexpensive, straightforward, and non-invasive approach. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of Haar wavelet local maxima lines in accurately determining bedrock depth, producing results closely aligned with both predicted and actual depths.