<p>This study systematically reviews the application of blockchain technology to enhance transparency and accountability in digital governance within developing countries. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we analyze 38 peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2025. The findings reveal that blockchain is primarily applied in land administration, public procurement, identity management, voting systems, and welfare distribution. While the technology offers benefits such as immutability, traceability, and automated verification, implementation remains constrained by infrastructural limitations, regulatory uncertainty, and institutional readiness. Based on this synthesis, the study proposes an integrative analytical framework that links technological capabilities with institutional governance conditions to guide future research and policy development.</p>