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<p>Waterlogging (WL) stress severely affects the growth and productivity of fruit crops. Cytosolic calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) is recognized as a secondary messenger that initiates adaptive responses to environmental stresses. However, the mechanisms by which exogenously applied Ca<sup>2+</sup> enhances WL tolerance remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether exogenous Ca<sup>2+</sup>, applied as calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) and calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO-NPs), might mitigate WL-induced damage in peach (<i>Prunus persica</i>) seedlings. We found that both Ca<sup>2+</sup> formulations significantly alleviated WL-induced growth inhibition, restored photosynthetic efficiency, and maintained root system architecture and metabolic activity. Two Ca<sup>2+</sup> treatments markedly reduced intracellular superoxide (SOD) and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, thus attenuating membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Hormonal profiling demonstrated that Ca<sup>2+</sup> suppressed excessive abscisic acid and salicylic acid accumulation while restoring jasmonate homeostasis under WL conditions. Furthermore, at the transcriptional level, Ca<sup>2+</sup> enhanced stress tolerance by upregulating the expression of genes encoding antioxidant (<i>PpSOD</i>; and <i>peroxidase</i>, <i>PpPOD</i>), photosynthetic (<i>photosystem II subunit Q</i>, <i>PpPsbQ</i>; and <i>photosystem I subunit K</i>, <i>PpPsaK</i>), and Ca<sup>2+</sup> (<i>CBL-interacting protein kinases</i>, <i>PpCIPK5</i> and <i>PpCIPK11</i>). In line with reduced oxidative stress, Ca<sup>2+</sup> also adaptively downregulated genes related to the fermentative pathway (<i>alcohol dehydrogenase</i>, <i>PpADH</i>; and <i>lactate dehydrogenase</i>, <i>PpLDH</i>), indicating a shift away from anaerobic metabolism. Notably, comparative analysis revealed that ionic Ca<sup>2+</sup> and CaO-NP treatments resulted in largely similar outcomes under WL conditions, with only marginal differences in some parameters. Taken together, these results indicate that Ca<sup>2+</sup>-associated signaling is a putative regulatory network underlying adaptive responses to WL stress in woody fruit crops.</p>

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Transcriptional and physiological insights into calcium-mediated waterlogging tolerance in peach

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月15日

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  • Muhammad Atiq Ashraf,
  • Muhammad Ateeq,
  • Haowei Du,
  • Jinzhi Yang,
  • Xusheng Gao,
  • Muhammad Mohsin Kaleem,
  • Muhammad Daud,
  • Burhan Khalid,
  • Muhammad Asim,
  • Shumaila Nawaz,
  • Sergey Shabala,
  • Kaijie Zhu,
  • Junwei Liu

摘要

Waterlogging (WL) stress severely affects the growth and productivity of fruit crops. Cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) is recognized as a secondary messenger that initiates adaptive responses to environmental stresses. However, the mechanisms by which exogenously applied Ca2+ enhances WL tolerance remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether exogenous Ca2+, applied as calcium chloride (CaCl2) and calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO-NPs), might mitigate WL-induced damage in peach (Prunus persica) seedlings. We found that both Ca2+ formulations significantly alleviated WL-induced growth inhibition, restored photosynthetic efficiency, and maintained root system architecture and metabolic activity. Two Ca2+ treatments markedly reduced intracellular superoxide (SOD) and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, thus attenuating membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Hormonal profiling demonstrated that Ca2+ suppressed excessive abscisic acid and salicylic acid accumulation while restoring jasmonate homeostasis under WL conditions. Furthermore, at the transcriptional level, Ca2+ enhanced stress tolerance by upregulating the expression of genes encoding antioxidant (PpSOD; and peroxidase, PpPOD), photosynthetic (photosystem II subunit Q, PpPsbQ; and photosystem I subunit K, PpPsaK), and Ca2+ (CBL-interacting protein kinases, PpCIPK5 and PpCIPK11). In line with reduced oxidative stress, Ca2+ also adaptively downregulated genes related to the fermentative pathway (alcohol dehydrogenase, PpADH; and lactate dehydrogenase, PpLDH), indicating a shift away from anaerobic metabolism. Notably, comparative analysis revealed that ionic Ca2+ and CaO-NP treatments resulted in largely similar outcomes under WL conditions, with only marginal differences in some parameters. Taken together, these results indicate that Ca2+-associated signaling is a putative regulatory network underlying adaptive responses to WL stress in woody fruit crops.