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<p>The optimization of the nutritional requirements of native tilapia species is vital for enhancing aquaculture productivity and promoting sustainable fish farming in sub-Saharan Africa. This study evaluated the optimum dietary protein requirement of the three-spotted tilapia (<i>Oreochromis andersonii</i>, Castelnau, 1861) juveniles reared under suboptimal mean temperature conditions (19.28 ± 0.10&#xa0;°C). A total of 225 fish (initial mean weight 2.51 ± 0.19&#xa0;g) were randomly assigned to five diets containing 34%, 36%, 38%, 40%, and 42% crude protein, with three replicates per treatment. After 8&#xa0;weeks, fish fed the 38% protein diet achieved significantly higher final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), with a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared to the 34% group. Survival rate (SR) and condition factor (K) were unaffected by protein level. Whole-body composition analysis showed higher crude protein content in fish fed the 42% diet, while crude fat decreased with increasing protein levels; ash content peaked in fish fed the 38% diet. Second-order polynomial regression estimated the optimum dietary protein requirement at 38.3% (FCR-based) and 38.5% (SGR-based) at a 95% confidence level. These findings suggest that a dietary protein level of approximately 38% promotes optimal growth and feed efficiency in <i>O. andersonii</i> juveniles reared under suboptimal mean temperature (~ 19&#xa0;°C) conditions. This study provides essential guidance for practical feed formulation and supports the expansion of sustainable aquaculture systems in the region.</p>

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Optimum dietary protein requirement of three-spotted tilapia (Oreochromis andersonii, Castelnau, 1861) juveniles reared under suboptimal temperature conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Ipaalo Ndhlovu,
  • Sahya Maulu,
  • Moses Chibesa,
  • Bethsheber Malake,
  • Betty Mwanza,
  • Given Mbewe,
  • Oliver J. Hasimuna

摘要

The optimization of the nutritional requirements of native tilapia species is vital for enhancing aquaculture productivity and promoting sustainable fish farming in sub-Saharan Africa. This study evaluated the optimum dietary protein requirement of the three-spotted tilapia (Oreochromis andersonii, Castelnau, 1861) juveniles reared under suboptimal mean temperature conditions (19.28 ± 0.10 °C). A total of 225 fish (initial mean weight 2.51 ± 0.19 g) were randomly assigned to five diets containing 34%, 36%, 38%, 40%, and 42% crude protein, with three replicates per treatment. After 8 weeks, fish fed the 38% protein diet achieved significantly higher final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), with a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared to the 34% group. Survival rate (SR) and condition factor (K) were unaffected by protein level. Whole-body composition analysis showed higher crude protein content in fish fed the 42% diet, while crude fat decreased with increasing protein levels; ash content peaked in fish fed the 38% diet. Second-order polynomial regression estimated the optimum dietary protein requirement at 38.3% (FCR-based) and 38.5% (SGR-based) at a 95% confidence level. These findings suggest that a dietary protein level of approximately 38% promotes optimal growth and feed efficiency in O. andersonii juveniles reared under suboptimal mean temperature (~ 19 °C) conditions. This study provides essential guidance for practical feed formulation and supports the expansion of sustainable aquaculture systems in the region.