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<p>The preparation of phosphate-loaded biochar-based hydrogel composite beads impregnated with phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) for simultaneous immobilisation of cadmium and release of plant-available phosphorus has been reported in the present experiment. The prepared tri-calcium phosphate-loaded biochar hydrogel-PSB beads (THB) showed outstanding swelling properties with better stability. Cadmium (Cd) adsorption onto the THB was found to be 98% within 5&#xa0;min in aqueous solution. Cadmium accumulation by rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.; cv IET 4094) plant was 4.71 times greater than that of plants grown in THB-treated soil. Insoluble tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) was used as the phosphate source in the THB. Phosphate solubilising bacteria present within the THB matrix solubilises the TCP for the efficient generation of plant-available phosphate, demonstrated by the release of 0.26&#xa0;mol phosphate after 11 days. The plant growth study with THB-treated soil also confirms a significant increase in total seedling length compared to the hydrogel, biochar hydrogel beads, and control treatment. This THB composite holds promising potential to act as a bifunctional tool for the improvement of the phosphate crisis in agriculture and land reclamation simultaneously.</p>

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Integrating cadmium removal and phosphate supplementation by fortified biochar hydrogel for agricultural soil: a novel composite material

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月14日

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  • Arup Borgohain,
  • Madhusmita Baruah,
  • Rimjim Gogoi,
  • Krishnarjun Bora,
  • Abhijit Saikia,
  • Bidyot Bikash Gogoi,
  • Sandeep Kumar Dey,
  • Md Yeasin,
  • Ranjit Kumar Paul,
  • Ornella Abollino,
  • Tanmoy Karak,
  • Jiban Saikia

摘要

The preparation of phosphate-loaded biochar-based hydrogel composite beads impregnated with phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) for simultaneous immobilisation of cadmium and release of plant-available phosphorus has been reported in the present experiment. The prepared tri-calcium phosphate-loaded biochar hydrogel-PSB beads (THB) showed outstanding swelling properties with better stability. Cadmium (Cd) adsorption onto the THB was found to be 98% within 5 min in aqueous solution. Cadmium accumulation by rice (Oryza sativa L.; cv IET 4094) plant was 4.71 times greater than that of plants grown in THB-treated soil. Insoluble tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) was used as the phosphate source in the THB. Phosphate solubilising bacteria present within the THB matrix solubilises the TCP for the efficient generation of plant-available phosphate, demonstrated by the release of 0.26 mol phosphate after 11 days. The plant growth study with THB-treated soil also confirms a significant increase in total seedling length compared to the hydrogel, biochar hydrogel beads, and control treatment. This THB composite holds promising potential to act as a bifunctional tool for the improvement of the phosphate crisis in agriculture and land reclamation simultaneously.