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<p>Water scarcity is a major constraint to agricultural productivity in Sudan, making the accurate estimation of crop water requirements (CWRs) essential for efficient irrigation management. This study quantified crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and developed growth-stage-specific crop coefficients (Kc) for faba bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) and chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) under field conditions in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan. ETc was determined using the soil water balance method with gravimetric soil moisture measurements across four phenological stages: initial, development, mid-season, and late season, while reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was computed using the FAO Penman–Monteith approach in CROPWAT. The average seasonal ETc was 435&#xa0;mm for faba bean and 380&#xa0;mm for chickpea, with maximum daily values observed during the mid-season stage. Stage-specific Kc values were 0.31, 0.85, 1.07, and 0.55 for faba bean, and 0.28, 0.71, 1.04, and 0.30 for chickpea, respectively. These locally derived coefficients reflect the combined effects of Vertisols hydrology and semi-arid climatic conditions on crop water use. The findings provide reliable, site-specific parameters for improving irrigation scheduling and enhancing water-use efficiency in the Gezira Scheme, thereby supporting sustainable legume production in Sudan.</p>

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Determining evapotranspiration of Faba bean and Chickpea using the soil water balance method under field conditions in in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Maie Kabbashi Alla Jabow Mahmoud,
  • Mahasin Ali Mohamed Husein,
  • Mohie El Din Mohamed Omar

摘要

Water scarcity is a major constraint to agricultural productivity in Sudan, making the accurate estimation of crop water requirements (CWRs) essential for efficient irrigation management. This study quantified crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and developed growth-stage-specific crop coefficients (Kc) for faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under field conditions in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan. ETc was determined using the soil water balance method with gravimetric soil moisture measurements across four phenological stages: initial, development, mid-season, and late season, while reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was computed using the FAO Penman–Monteith approach in CROPWAT. The average seasonal ETc was 435 mm for faba bean and 380 mm for chickpea, with maximum daily values observed during the mid-season stage. Stage-specific Kc values were 0.31, 0.85, 1.07, and 0.55 for faba bean, and 0.28, 0.71, 1.04, and 0.30 for chickpea, respectively. These locally derived coefficients reflect the combined effects of Vertisols hydrology and semi-arid climatic conditions on crop water use. The findings provide reliable, site-specific parameters for improving irrigation scheduling and enhancing water-use efficiency in the Gezira Scheme, thereby supporting sustainable legume production in Sudan.