<p>Agriculture makes up approximately 41% of Ethiopia’s GDP and contributes to 85% of export earnings. Cash crops from this industry serve as the main export product, providing employment opportunities for numerous young people. Currently, the level of involvement of small-scale farmers in the sector and its production is minimal. This study sought to investigate factors that affect the participation of small-scale farmers in sesame production. A semi-structured survey, FGDs and KIIs were the main tools utilized for data collection. A multistage sampling methods was used to select appropriate respondents. The double-hurdle model and descriptive statistics were utilized in the analysis. Based on our studies, the probability of a small-scale farmer participating in sesame farming positively and significantly affected by the household head’s age, sex, and household size, as well as land and market accessibility; conversely, it decreases with the cost of better seeds, land allocated for different crops, and fertilizer prices. In addition, the truncated regression result indicates that the quantity of sesame grown by small-scale farmers positively and significantly affected by the household head ages, the sex of the household head, the size of the household, the size of the land, access to markets, access to credit, and access to extension services improve. Conversely, the allocation of land for other crops and the cost of improved seeds decrease the amount of sesame produced by small-scale farmers. Government organizations develop policies that enhance small-scale farmers’ access to markets, credit, and extension services. This leads to increased participation and production of sesame in the region.</p>