<p>Groundnut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.), a vital global oilseed and food crop, significantly supports agricultural economies and nutritional security. However, diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, resulting in substantial yield and quality losses. Effective disease management is critical for ensuring sustainable production and profitability. This review examines agricultural technologies and practices for managing groundnut diseases, identifying gaps in existing literature, detailing search methodologies, and specifying criteria for source inclusion and exclusion. Key disease management technologies and practices include resistant cultivars, precision farming, integrated pest management (IPM), and biological control methods. Environmentally sustainable practices and targeted agrochemical applications play essential roles in enhancing disease management and strengthening resilience in groundnut production systems. Given groundnut’s vulnerability to climate change, disease pressures, and its contribution to food and nutritional security, integrated research on drought, heat, and disease tolerant varieties is very essential. Alongside to theses, the adoption of climate-smart agronomic practices and technologies combined with stakeholder engagement is crucial for sustainable disease management.</p>