<p>The increasing global demand for sustainable food production and effective organic waste management has driven interest in alternative biological solutions. The Black soldier fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) has emerged as a promising insect species capable of converting diverse organic wastes into valuable resources. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the biology of the Black soldier fly and its role in the bioconversion of organic waste, highlighting its economic and ecological benefits. Peer-reviewed papers were analyzed in a systematic and narrative manner, focusing on larval growth, nutritional composition and waste conversion efficiency. The findings indicate that Black soldier fly larvae possess a high capacity to consume and transform organic waste into protein and lipid-rich biomass suitable for use in livestock, poultry, and aquaculture feed. The residual frass produced during larval feeding serves as a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer that enhances soil fertility and crop productivity. In addition, the Black soldier fly larvae extracts can be used as value-added bio-products such as bioplastics, biodiesel, medicine, cosmetics and pharmaceutical ingredients. Beyond feed and fertilizer production, Black soldier fly bioconversion contributes to reducing landfill waste, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting circular bioeconomy systems. However, challenges remain in optimizing rearing conditions, ensuring product safety, and developing standardized production technologies for large-scale implementation. Future research should therefore focus on improving substrate optimization, microbial interactions, biosecurity, and policy frameworks to support sustainable insect-based production systems. Overall, black soldier fly farming represents a viable and environmentally friendly approach for integrated waste management and sustainable resource recovery.</p>