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<p>Cocoa cultivation is economically vital for Cameroon, the world’s sixth-largest producer, but agricultural intensification threatens biodiversity. While previous research has examined cocoa expansion impacts, few studies have quantified how yield intensification affects threatened species populations. This study evaluates the effects of cocoa production intensification on biodiversity in Cameroon using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model applied to data from 1992 to 2022. Intensification is measured by cocoa yield (kg/ha), while biodiversity is assessed through IUCN Red List counts of threatened mammals, birds, reptiles, and plants taxonomic groups ecologically relevant to cocoa-growing regions. Results indicate that increased yields have significant negative effects on biodiversity, particularly long-term impacts on mammals (coefficient: 0.0142) and reptiles (coefficient: 0.0021). Short-term effects were observed for mammals, reptiles, and plants. These positive coefficients indicate that higher yields correspond to more threatened species, reflecting biodiversity degradation likely driven by increased chemical inputs and habitat modification. Findings highlight the need for sustainable agricultural practices limiting agrochemical use and favoring ecosystem conservation in cocoa farming systems.</p>

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Intensification of cocoa production and biodiversity in Cameroon

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Cyrille Bergaly Kamdem,
  • Fanny Kabwe Omoyi,
  • Vincent Patrick Alima Wollo

摘要

Cocoa cultivation is economically vital for Cameroon, the world’s sixth-largest producer, but agricultural intensification threatens biodiversity. While previous research has examined cocoa expansion impacts, few studies have quantified how yield intensification affects threatened species populations. This study evaluates the effects of cocoa production intensification on biodiversity in Cameroon using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model applied to data from 1992 to 2022. Intensification is measured by cocoa yield (kg/ha), while biodiversity is assessed through IUCN Red List counts of threatened mammals, birds, reptiles, and plants taxonomic groups ecologically relevant to cocoa-growing regions. Results indicate that increased yields have significant negative effects on biodiversity, particularly long-term impacts on mammals (coefficient: 0.0142) and reptiles (coefficient: 0.0021). Short-term effects were observed for mammals, reptiles, and plants. These positive coefficients indicate that higher yields correspond to more threatened species, reflecting biodiversity degradation likely driven by increased chemical inputs and habitat modification. Findings highlight the need for sustainable agricultural practices limiting agrochemical use and favoring ecosystem conservation in cocoa farming systems.