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<p>Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) pollution has emerged as a critical environmental issue in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), particularly during spring and autumn. This study employs the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system, a widely used tool for simulating atmospheric processes and chemistry, to investigate the drivers of O<sub>3</sub> pollution in May 2022, focusing on the impacts of meteorological variations and changes of other factors, including emission and ozone formation sensitivity variations. Results indicate that the 90th percentile of maximum daily average of 8-hour O<sub>3</sub> concentrations across the PRD cities increased by an average of 44.2% year-on-year. Model simulations reveal that meteorological changes contributed to a 30.6% rise in O<sub>3</sub> levels, while other factors accounted for a 13.6% increase—except in Huizhou and Shenzhen, where other factors led to a decline in O<sub>3</sub> concentrations. Adverse meteorological conditions, including reduced wind speeds, lower humidity, and increased sunshine duration, exacerbated ozone formation. Concurrently, the average concentrations of the ozone precursors— NO<sub>2</sub> and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), increased overall in the PRD. However, NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations declined by 18.8% and 10.5% in Huizhou and Shenzhen, respectively, while VOCs concentrations fell by 20.5% in Huizhou. These observational findings align with model simulation, reinforcing their validity and highlighting the complex interplay between meteorology and other factors in shaping O₃ pollution trends. This study underscores the necessity of region-specific emission control strategies to effectively mitigate O₃ pollution.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Divers of ozone pollution across the Pearl River Delta during spring 2022: insights from observation and WRF-CMAQ

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Jin Shen,
  • Yan Zhou,
  • Yujie Ye,
  • Yuhong Zhai,
  • Duohong Chen,
  • Zhuangmin Zhong,
  • Tingyuan Li,
  • Chu Wu,
  • Xinqi Xu

摘要

Ozone (O3) pollution has emerged as a critical environmental issue in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), particularly during spring and autumn. This study employs the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system, a widely used tool for simulating atmospheric processes and chemistry, to investigate the drivers of O3 pollution in May 2022, focusing on the impacts of meteorological variations and changes of other factors, including emission and ozone formation sensitivity variations. Results indicate that the 90th percentile of maximum daily average of 8-hour O3 concentrations across the PRD cities increased by an average of 44.2% year-on-year. Model simulations reveal that meteorological changes contributed to a 30.6% rise in O3 levels, while other factors accounted for a 13.6% increase—except in Huizhou and Shenzhen, where other factors led to a decline in O3 concentrations. Adverse meteorological conditions, including reduced wind speeds, lower humidity, and increased sunshine duration, exacerbated ozone formation. Concurrently, the average concentrations of the ozone precursors— NO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), increased overall in the PRD. However, NO2 concentrations declined by 18.8% and 10.5% in Huizhou and Shenzhen, respectively, while VOCs concentrations fell by 20.5% in Huizhou. These observational findings align with model simulation, reinforcing their validity and highlighting the complex interplay between meteorology and other factors in shaping O₃ pollution trends. This study underscores the necessity of region-specific emission control strategies to effectively mitigate O₃ pollution.

Graphical Abstract