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<p>Air pollution is the most significant environmental health risk, and the chemical composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> has the greatest impact on its effects on human health. While PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution has been widely studied, little attention has been given to the role of landfill fires in shaping PM<sub>2.5</sub> composition and dispersion in medium-sized cities with complex topographies. This study integrates the physical and chemical characterization of PM<sub>2.5</sub> (potassium, chlorine, and irregular morphology) with AERMOD dispersion modeling to assess exposure during a landfill fire in Guanajuato, Mexico. The maximum monthly average concentration was recorded in May at 22.4&#xa0;µg m⁻<sup>3</sup>, while the 24-h average exceeded the allowable limit of 33&#xa0;µg m⁻<sup>3</sup> during the days of the landfill fire, reaching 50&#xa0;µg m⁻<sup>3</sup>. The annual average concentration (13.4&#xa0;µg m⁻<sup>3</sup>) also exceeded the 10&#xa0;µg m⁻<sup>3</sup> guideline. AERMOD simulations reproduced observed patterns, confirming northeastward dispersion toward the city hillside. Based on the 12-h moving average during the fire (45&#xa0;µg m⁻<sup>3</sup>), residents were exposed to poor air quality and elevated risks of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and lung cancer. These results provide novel evidence of the contribution of landfill fires to urban PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution and associated health risks, offering valuable insights for air quality management and public health protection in cities with similar environmental conditions.</p>

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Dispersion of PM2.5 particles emitted by the waste dump fire in the city of Guanajuato, Mexico

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Adrián Zamorategui-Molina,
  • Gilberto Álvarez Guzmán,
  • Marcos Irineo Esquivel Longoria,
  • Juan Carlos Baltazar Vera,
  • Alma Hortensia Serafín Muñoz

摘要

Air pollution is the most significant environmental health risk, and the chemical composition of PM2.5 has the greatest impact on its effects on human health. While PM2.5 pollution has been widely studied, little attention has been given to the role of landfill fires in shaping PM2.5 composition and dispersion in medium-sized cities with complex topographies. This study integrates the physical and chemical characterization of PM2.5 (potassium, chlorine, and irregular morphology) with AERMOD dispersion modeling to assess exposure during a landfill fire in Guanajuato, Mexico. The maximum monthly average concentration was recorded in May at 22.4 µg m⁻3, while the 24-h average exceeded the allowable limit of 33 µg m⁻3 during the days of the landfill fire, reaching 50 µg m⁻3. The annual average concentration (13.4 µg m⁻3) also exceeded the 10 µg m⁻3 guideline. AERMOD simulations reproduced observed patterns, confirming northeastward dispersion toward the city hillside. Based on the 12-h moving average during the fire (45 µg m⁻3), residents were exposed to poor air quality and elevated risks of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and lung cancer. These results provide novel evidence of the contribution of landfill fires to urban PM2.5 pollution and associated health risks, offering valuable insights for air quality management and public health protection in cities with similar environmental conditions.