<p>The bladder plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis and overall health within the human body. Monitoring bladder conditions is essential for facilitating bladder control, evaluating wound healing, and other diagnosis functions. Recent advancements in soft bioelectronics for sensing have introduced promising capabilities for monitoring bladder conditions including strain, pressure, volume, and other physiological properties, offering crucial feedback that enables adaptive therapeutic interventions. Meanwhile, minimally invasive drug delivery to the bladder is essential for treating various bladder diseases such as interstitial cystitis and bladder cancer with minimized side effect. This review highlights the latest innovations in soft bioelectronics including wearable, implantable, and intravesical devices for bladder condition monitoring and intravesical drug delivery systems for minimally invasive long-term treatment. We further provide perspective on the potential of integrating soft bioelectronics with drug delivery systems to facilitate closed-loop therapeutic functions for bladder disease management, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Close-loop therapy with continuous sensing and on-demand drug delivery in the bladder

  • Boyang Xiao,
  • Yi Zhu,
  • Xiaoguang Dong

摘要

The bladder plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis and overall health within the human body. Monitoring bladder conditions is essential for facilitating bladder control, evaluating wound healing, and other diagnosis functions. Recent advancements in soft bioelectronics for sensing have introduced promising capabilities for monitoring bladder conditions including strain, pressure, volume, and other physiological properties, offering crucial feedback that enables adaptive therapeutic interventions. Meanwhile, minimally invasive drug delivery to the bladder is essential for treating various bladder diseases such as interstitial cystitis and bladder cancer with minimized side effect. This review highlights the latest innovations in soft bioelectronics including wearable, implantable, and intravesical devices for bladder condition monitoring and intravesical drug delivery systems for minimally invasive long-term treatment. We further provide perspective on the potential of integrating soft bioelectronics with drug delivery systems to facilitate closed-loop therapeutic functions for bladder disease management, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Graphical Abstract