Aim <p>A narrative review was carried out to summarize the current evidence regarding the use of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in pediatric and neonatal populations.</p> Methods <p>Medline and Web of Science were searched using the following keywords (“electrical impedance tomography” OR “electric impedance tomography” OR (“electric impedance” AND “tomography/methods”)) AND (“pediatrics” OR “child” OR “infant”) from inception to January 2025. English-language studies involving the use of EIT in neonatal and pediatric populations (&lt; 18 years) were included. Conference abstracts, editorials, book chapters, reviews, adult studies, and animal studies were excluded.</p> Results <p>Among the 116 studies included (<i>n</i> = 68 in neonatal intensive care unit, <i>n</i> = 21 in pediatric intensive care unit, <i>n</i> = 10 in anesthesia, and <i>n</i> = 17 in pediatric follow-up), the majority were observational (<i>n</i> = 71, 61.2%) while 13 (11.2%) were randomized controlled trials. Data analysis identified different topics related to EIT use in the pediatric and neonatal settings: feasibility, description of respiratory physiology, diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary diseases, pediatric anesthesia, therapeutics evaluation, non-ventilatory and ventilatory interventions.</p> Conclusion <p>The present review of current evidence highlights that EIT is an innovative, non-invasive bedside tool increasingly used in pediatric and neonatal populations that offers valuable insights into respiratory physiology from birth to adolescence. Beyond its use as a monitoring tool, it holds promise for imaging, ventilatory adjustment, and chronic disease follow-up. The challenge for future research lies in identifying key variables and standardizing their interpretation to integrate EIT into a personalized medicine approach at the bedside in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units.</p>