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<p>Solar radiation aging significantly enhances the environmental functionality of hydrochar (HC) by modifying its physicochemical properties and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, thereby improving its efficacy in soil remediation. In this study, hydrochars derived from pig manure and mandarin peels were prepared at 180&#xa0;°C and 260&#xa0;°C and subjected to simulated solar aging. Comprehensive characterization via FTIR, XPS, 3D-EEM, and ESI-FT-ICR MS revealed that high-temperature HC (260&#xa0;°C) exhibited a higher specific surface area and more heterogeneous surface morphology. Solar aging further promoted the development of micropores and facilitated the transformation of oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., C = O and C–O) through photochemical reactions. Although aging reduced the total DOM content, it markedly increased molecular diversity, particularly enhancing the proportion of low-molecular-weight, bioavailable organic compounds such as protein-like substances (+ 1.2%–5.5%). Soil microcosm experiments demonstrated that HC amendment significantly increased soil organic carbon (+ 53.3%–110.0%), total nitrogen (+ 14.2%–28.5%), and the relative abundance of humic acid-like components in DOM. Additionally, aged HC selectively enriched functional microbial taxa and upregulated genes associated with carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus metabolism, thereby enhancing soil fertility and microbial activity despite a reduction in ammonium nitrogen content. This study clarifies the molecular mechanism of interaction between solar-driven carbon structure evolution of HCs and soil microorganisms, and provides a low-energy-consumption modification strategy for carbon-based materials in sustainable soil remediation, which is of great significance for promoting the application of carbon materials in soil carbon sequestration and precision agriculture.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Solar radiation aging enhances hydrochar’s soil remediation potential by altering dissolved organic matter and microbial communities

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Lili He,
  • Yahui Ji,
  • Detian Li,
  • Yuying Wang,
  • Haohao Lyu,
  • Bingyu Wang,
  • Bingfa Chen,
  • Xiangyu Liu,
  • Chengrong Chen,
  • Bin Guo,
  • Neng Li,
  • Yanfang Feng

摘要

Solar radiation aging significantly enhances the environmental functionality of hydrochar (HC) by modifying its physicochemical properties and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, thereby improving its efficacy in soil remediation. In this study, hydrochars derived from pig manure and mandarin peels were prepared at 180 °C and 260 °C and subjected to simulated solar aging. Comprehensive characterization via FTIR, XPS, 3D-EEM, and ESI-FT-ICR MS revealed that high-temperature HC (260 °C) exhibited a higher specific surface area and more heterogeneous surface morphology. Solar aging further promoted the development of micropores and facilitated the transformation of oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., C = O and C–O) through photochemical reactions. Although aging reduced the total DOM content, it markedly increased molecular diversity, particularly enhancing the proportion of low-molecular-weight, bioavailable organic compounds such as protein-like substances (+ 1.2%–5.5%). Soil microcosm experiments demonstrated that HC amendment significantly increased soil organic carbon (+ 53.3%–110.0%), total nitrogen (+ 14.2%–28.5%), and the relative abundance of humic acid-like components in DOM. Additionally, aged HC selectively enriched functional microbial taxa and upregulated genes associated with carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus metabolism, thereby enhancing soil fertility and microbial activity despite a reduction in ammonium nitrogen content. This study clarifies the molecular mechanism of interaction between solar-driven carbon structure evolution of HCs and soil microorganisms, and provides a low-energy-consumption modification strategy for carbon-based materials in sustainable soil remediation, which is of great significance for promoting the application of carbon materials in soil carbon sequestration and precision agriculture.

Graphical Abstract