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<p>The combined numerical and experimental approach is carried out to investigate the mixing efficiency within wavy micromixers with in-phase and out-of-phase wall configurations channel geometries. The present research establishes a direct quantitative correlation between the numerical predictions and experimental results. This research offers an opportunity to validate the micro-mixing mechanism. The effects of Reynolds number (Re), waviness amplitude (α), wavelength (λ), and Schmidt number (Sc) on mixing efficiency and pressure drop are considered. The results show that the flow structures generated by the geometrical variations, especially the occurrence of recirculation zones, play an important role in mixing efficiency and pressure drop. A significant contribution of the present research is that based on the characteristic Reynolds numbers, three flow regimes were identified. Regime I (0.1 &lt; Re &lt; Re*) is a diffusion-dominated regime with high mixing efficiency due to longer residence time and molecular diffusion. Regime II (Re* &lt; Re &lt; Re₍cri₎) is a transition regime where mixing efficiency decreases with increasing Reynolds number because of reduced residence time. Regime III (Re₍cri₎ &lt; Re &lt; Re₍max₎) is an inertia-dominated regime characterized by recirculation zones and secondary flows that partially improve mixing. The experimental results, using micro-fabricated micromixers with in-phase and out-of-phase wall configurations geometries, show good agreement with numerical predictions. Although the out-of-phase wall configurations geometry shows superior mixing efficiency, it results in a larger pressure drop.</p>

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Numerical and experimental investigation of mixing performance in wavy micromixers with in-phase and out-of-phase wall configurations

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Bappa Mondal,
  • Alemu Workie Kebede

摘要

The combined numerical and experimental approach is carried out to investigate the mixing efficiency within wavy micromixers with in-phase and out-of-phase wall configurations channel geometries. The present research establishes a direct quantitative correlation between the numerical predictions and experimental results. This research offers an opportunity to validate the micro-mixing mechanism. The effects of Reynolds number (Re), waviness amplitude (α), wavelength (λ), and Schmidt number (Sc) on mixing efficiency and pressure drop are considered. The results show that the flow structures generated by the geometrical variations, especially the occurrence of recirculation zones, play an important role in mixing efficiency and pressure drop. A significant contribution of the present research is that based on the characteristic Reynolds numbers, three flow regimes were identified. Regime I (0.1 < Re < Re*) is a diffusion-dominated regime with high mixing efficiency due to longer residence time and molecular diffusion. Regime II (Re* < Re < Re₍cri₎) is a transition regime where mixing efficiency decreases with increasing Reynolds number because of reduced residence time. Regime III (Re₍cri₎ < Re < Re₍max₎) is an inertia-dominated regime characterized by recirculation zones and secondary flows that partially improve mixing. The experimental results, using micro-fabricated micromixers with in-phase and out-of-phase wall configurations geometries, show good agreement with numerical predictions. Although the out-of-phase wall configurations geometry shows superior mixing efficiency, it results in a larger pressure drop.