Growth-induced transformable surfaces realized by bending-active scissors grid

Ruffled surfaces that appear in biological forms, such as coral and lettuce, are a great source of inspiration for architectural and furniture design. This paper proposes a mechanism based on a bending-active scissors grid that effectively reproduces the process of differential growth. The structure can deploy from a linearly folded state with rotational symmetry to a complex ruffled surface without rotational symmetry. The deployed shape further exhibits a wave-like motion similar to the swimming gait of flatworms or cuttlefish. First, we propose a design method for the mechanism computed from the surface of constant negative Gaussian curvature. We then numerically analyze the symmetry-breaking process of deployment and zero-stiffness wave-like motion after deployment. We built two demonstrators to verify the deployment and the transformation. The first demonstrator with 1.5m diameter was fabricated to verify the symmetry-breaking deployment motion. The second demonstrator with 0.9m diameter was fabricated to demonstrate the wave-like motion by controlled pulling of the group of threads.