Cyber fraud risks and the determinants of cybercrime reporting ability in India’s cashless transition
摘要
India confronts a twofold problem in combating cybercrime: the increasing diversification of cyber offences and a persistent lack of public awareness and institutional capacity to report them. India has surpassed the United States and Canada as the most common target of mobile malware attacks. Using data from the 80th Round of the National Sample Survey on Comprehensive Modular Survey-Telecom (January–March 2025), this paper investigates cybercrime typologies and the public’s ability to report such instances. The findings indicate that the reporting landscape remains relatively unequal. Only 15% of rural and 31% of urban respondents successfully reported cybercrime. Certain populous states, such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, and Tripura, have significant gaps that require greater knowledge, improved accessibility, and stronger institutional support for cybercrime reporting. These disparities reflect deep-seated differences in digital literacy, institutional outreach, and socioeconomic status. This study provides valuable insights into underlying the ability to report cybercrime. Future research could explore how reporting patterns evolve and examine the effectiveness of policy interventions in enhancing reporting outcomes.