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<p>Accurate attendance tracking is essential in higher education, as it supports accountability, student engagement, and academic performance. However, traditional attendance methods such as paper registers and sign-in sheets are often prone to human error and proxy attendance, raising concerns about data reliability. Biometric systems have been introduced as technological solutions intended to enhance accuracy, efficiency, and transparency in attendance management. This study examined the effectiveness of biometric attendance systems compared to traditional methods and analyzed the determinants of biometric system adoption using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 600 participants comprising students, faculty members, and administrative staff from tertiary institutions. Data were collected using structured Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and multiple linear regression. The findings revealed no statistically significant differences between biometric and traditional attendance systems in proxy attendance (t(598) = 0.435, <i>p</i> = 0.663), human error (t(598) = − 0.898, <i>p</i> = 0.370), accuracy (t(598) = − 0.488, <i>p</i> = 0.626), or efficiency (t(598) = − 0.717, <i>p</i> = 0.474). Similarly, biometric systems showed no significant improvement in institutional accountability (t(598) = 0.745, <i>p</i> = 0.456) or student performance (t(598) = − 0.322, <i>p</i> = 0.747). Regression analysis indicated that UTAUT factors—performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions—did not significantly influence biometric system adoption (R² = 0.006, F(4,595) = 0.949, <i>p</i> = 0.330). The study concludes that biometric systems alone do not guarantee improved attendance management outcomes without adequate infrastructure, user readiness, and institutional support. By integrating UTAUT and the Information Systems Success Model, the study provides empirical evidence from a developing country context to inform digital transformation in higher education.</p>

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The role of biometric systems in enhancing student attendance tracking in tertiary institutions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Francis Aposika

摘要

Accurate attendance tracking is essential in higher education, as it supports accountability, student engagement, and academic performance. However, traditional attendance methods such as paper registers and sign-in sheets are often prone to human error and proxy attendance, raising concerns about data reliability. Biometric systems have been introduced as technological solutions intended to enhance accuracy, efficiency, and transparency in attendance management. This study examined the effectiveness of biometric attendance systems compared to traditional methods and analyzed the determinants of biometric system adoption using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 600 participants comprising students, faculty members, and administrative staff from tertiary institutions. Data were collected using structured Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and multiple linear regression. The findings revealed no statistically significant differences between biometric and traditional attendance systems in proxy attendance (t(598) = 0.435, p = 0.663), human error (t(598) = − 0.898, p = 0.370), accuracy (t(598) = − 0.488, p = 0.626), or efficiency (t(598) = − 0.717, p = 0.474). Similarly, biometric systems showed no significant improvement in institutional accountability (t(598) = 0.745, p = 0.456) or student performance (t(598) = − 0.322, p = 0.747). Regression analysis indicated that UTAUT factors—performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions—did not significantly influence biometric system adoption (R² = 0.006, F(4,595) = 0.949, p = 0.330). The study concludes that biometric systems alone do not guarantee improved attendance management outcomes without adequate infrastructure, user readiness, and institutional support. By integrating UTAUT and the Information Systems Success Model, the study provides empirical evidence from a developing country context to inform digital transformation in higher education.