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Objective <p>The current study aimed to test the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between family, school safety perception, and psychological well-being, and to identify the differences in family safety perception (FSP), school safety perception (SSP), psychological capital (PC), and psychological well-being (PWB) that are due to gender.</p> Methodology <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2024. The sample consisted of 693 primary school students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, aged 9–13, who participated in the study.</p> Results <p>The results revealed direct and indirect statistically significant effects of FSP, SSP, and PC on PWB. The results revealed a unilateral, partial, and complementary mediation role of PC in the relationship between FSP and SSP, as well as its impact on PWB. They found a&#xa0;multi-complementary mediation role of SSP and PC in the relationship between FSP and PWB. The value of the total effects for FSP (0.945) and SSP (0.349), PC (0.644) in PWB, and all of these effect paths are significant (0.05). Additionally, the results provided strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis regarding differences between males and females in FSP, SSP, PC, and PWB.</p> Conclusion <p>This study highlights the role of FSP, SSP, and PC in predicting the PWB of primary school students. Given these results, PC, FSP, and SSP interventions were recommended to be integrated into counseling services to enhance the PWB of primary school students.</p>

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Family and school safety perceptions and their influence on psychological well-being: the mediating role of psychological capital among primary school students

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Boshra A. Arnout

摘要

Objective

The current study aimed to test the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between family, school safety perception, and psychological well-being, and to identify the differences in family safety perception (FSP), school safety perception (SSP), psychological capital (PC), and psychological well-being (PWB) that are due to gender.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2024. The sample consisted of 693 primary school students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, aged 9–13, who participated in the study.

Results

The results revealed direct and indirect statistically significant effects of FSP, SSP, and PC on PWB. The results revealed a unilateral, partial, and complementary mediation role of PC in the relationship between FSP and SSP, as well as its impact on PWB. They found a multi-complementary mediation role of SSP and PC in the relationship between FSP and PWB. The value of the total effects for FSP (0.945) and SSP (0.349), PC (0.644) in PWB, and all of these effect paths are significant (0.05). Additionally, the results provided strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis regarding differences between males and females in FSP, SSP, PC, and PWB.

Conclusion

This study highlights the role of FSP, SSP, and PC in predicting the PWB of primary school students. Given these results, PC, FSP, and SSP interventions were recommended to be integrated into counseling services to enhance the PWB of primary school students.