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Abstract <p>Near-infrared I (NIR-I: 650–950&#xa0;nm) fluorescence imaging is a powerful tool for deep-tissue biological imaging, addressing the limitations of photon penetration depth in the visible-light region. Over the past decade, NIR imaging has extended to the near-infrared II (NIR-II: 1000–1700&#xa0;nm) region, offering high-resolution and low background imaging by suppressing light scattering, and autofluorescence of tissues. Near-infrared fluorescent probes from NIR-I to NIR-II, with diverse functionalities, are increasingly utilized across biological fields to meet various detection needs and to explore physiological events in real time and spatial dimensions. This review discusses recent advancements in small-molecule NIR fluorescent dyes and probes, particularly those based on cyanine and rhodamine scaffolds, highlighting examples of their applications in bioimaging.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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The latest developments of near-infrared fluorescent probes from NIR-I to NIR-II for bioimaging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月28日

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  • Yuzuka Kuronuma,
  • Ryuji Watanabe,
  • Yuki Hiruta

摘要

Abstract

Near-infrared I (NIR-I: 650–950 nm) fluorescence imaging is a powerful tool for deep-tissue biological imaging, addressing the limitations of photon penetration depth in the visible-light region. Over the past decade, NIR imaging has extended to the near-infrared II (NIR-II: 1000–1700 nm) region, offering high-resolution and low background imaging by suppressing light scattering, and autofluorescence of tissues. Near-infrared fluorescent probes from NIR-I to NIR-II, with diverse functionalities, are increasingly utilized across biological fields to meet various detection needs and to explore physiological events in real time and spatial dimensions. This review discusses recent advancements in small-molecule NIR fluorescent dyes and probes, particularly those based on cyanine and rhodamine scaffolds, highlighting examples of their applications in bioimaging.

Graphical abstract