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<p>The rapid progress in the development of multicomponent high-entropy alloys (HEAs) has inspired expansion of the high-entropy materials (HEMs) space to related materials such as high-entropy metallic glasses (HEMGs) and high-entropy ceramics (HECs). These different classes of materials together are popularly referred to as high-entropy materials (HEMs). This expansion has also prompted the re-emergence of several conventional materials’ synthesis routes, owing to the different versatilities associated with them. In this domain, mechanical alloying (MA) is acknowledged as a revolutionary technology for synthesizing multicomponent metastable materials, namely multicomponent supersaturated solid solutions, HEAs, quasicrystalline phases, intermediate phases, and amorphous alloys, with broad application potential. MA is a solid-state powder processing route that includes repeated cold welding, fracturing, and rewelding of powder particles. This permits the material to be processed considerably farther from equilibrium, thus, offering enormous possibilities for generating non-equilibrium phases and microstructures in HEMs. Further, the milled powders are consolidated into bulk form using spark plasma sintering, vacuum hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing, conventional sintering, and microwave sintering for property assessments. Nonetheless, MA involves multiple processing parameters to maximize the fabrication throughput of diverse HEMs. Optimal utilization of these parameters allowed production of a variety of engineered microstructures in HEMs during the last 15 years and competing with traditional alloys. In this context, a detailed overview of the MA process and a critical assessment of the field from the HEM standpoint is much needed. The proposed review will deliberate on the versatility of MA in developing different classes of HEMs having desired characteristics. In addition, this includes an in-depth examination of the various HEMs (HEAs, HEMGs, and HECs) synthesized by MA to date, emphasizing the limiting factors of phase formation, thermal stability, and properties. The shortcomings and complexities associated with synthesizing HEMs using MA along with future perspectives on the holistic development of MA as a prudent technique are also critically discussed.</p>

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A Critical Review on Mechanical Alloying of High-Entropy Materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月1日

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  • Rahul Mitra,
  • Anurag Bajpai,
  • Krishanu Biswas

摘要

The rapid progress in the development of multicomponent high-entropy alloys (HEAs) has inspired expansion of the high-entropy materials (HEMs) space to related materials such as high-entropy metallic glasses (HEMGs) and high-entropy ceramics (HECs). These different classes of materials together are popularly referred to as high-entropy materials (HEMs). This expansion has also prompted the re-emergence of several conventional materials’ synthesis routes, owing to the different versatilities associated with them. In this domain, mechanical alloying (MA) is acknowledged as a revolutionary technology for synthesizing multicomponent metastable materials, namely multicomponent supersaturated solid solutions, HEAs, quasicrystalline phases, intermediate phases, and amorphous alloys, with broad application potential. MA is a solid-state powder processing route that includes repeated cold welding, fracturing, and rewelding of powder particles. This permits the material to be processed considerably farther from equilibrium, thus, offering enormous possibilities for generating non-equilibrium phases and microstructures in HEMs. Further, the milled powders are consolidated into bulk form using spark plasma sintering, vacuum hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing, conventional sintering, and microwave sintering for property assessments. Nonetheless, MA involves multiple processing parameters to maximize the fabrication throughput of diverse HEMs. Optimal utilization of these parameters allowed production of a variety of engineered microstructures in HEMs during the last 15 years and competing with traditional alloys. In this context, a detailed overview of the MA process and a critical assessment of the field from the HEM standpoint is much needed. The proposed review will deliberate on the versatility of MA in developing different classes of HEMs having desired characteristics. In addition, this includes an in-depth examination of the various HEMs (HEAs, HEMGs, and HECs) synthesized by MA to date, emphasizing the limiting factors of phase formation, thermal stability, and properties. The shortcomings and complexities associated with synthesizing HEMs using MA along with future perspectives on the holistic development of MA as a prudent technique are also critically discussed.