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<p>The development and validation of a fully kinetic three-dimensional (3D) code, Cuda-based Hybrid Approach for Octree Simulations, CHAOS, for magnetized plasma plume simulations are presented. The CHAOS code, initially designed for unmagnetized plumes, now incorporates magnetic field effects, allowing for comprehensive simulations of magnetized plasma jets in both in-space and in-chamber conditions. Studying 3D simulations of magnetized plumes is crucial for understanding the intricate processes within magnetic nozzles, including both ion and electron dynamics—particularly for capturing the electrons’ individual orbital motion along magnetic field lines and their collective non-Maxwellian behavior during the plume expansion process. The Boris scheme and a charge-conserving energy-based (CCE) boundary condition (BC) are implemented to move charged particles under combined electric and magnetic fields, and to address outflow boundary challenges and achieve steady-state solutions within finite computational domains. Nanbu’s collision algorithm is also implemented to accurately simulate Coulomb scattering, particularly in high-density plasma regimes. The new version of the CHAOS code is tested in collisionless and collisional conditions and validated against experiments. The effect of injected ion beam profile and inclusion of Coulomb collisions in the simulation results present new insights into an understanding of the experimental results. In particular, we investigate the role of Coulomb collisions at plasma densities higher than those reported in the experiment and demonstrate the impact of increased collisionality through analyses of 3D electron trajectories and electron velocity distribution functions (EVDFs).</p>

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Development of a fully kinetic 3D code for collisional magnetized plasmas

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月25日

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  • Davut Vatansever,
  • Deborah Levin

摘要

The development and validation of a fully kinetic three-dimensional (3D) code, Cuda-based Hybrid Approach for Octree Simulations, CHAOS, for magnetized plasma plume simulations are presented. The CHAOS code, initially designed for unmagnetized plumes, now incorporates magnetic field effects, allowing for comprehensive simulations of magnetized plasma jets in both in-space and in-chamber conditions. Studying 3D simulations of magnetized plumes is crucial for understanding the intricate processes within magnetic nozzles, including both ion and electron dynamics—particularly for capturing the electrons’ individual orbital motion along magnetic field lines and their collective non-Maxwellian behavior during the plume expansion process. The Boris scheme and a charge-conserving energy-based (CCE) boundary condition (BC) are implemented to move charged particles under combined electric and magnetic fields, and to address outflow boundary challenges and achieve steady-state solutions within finite computational domains. Nanbu’s collision algorithm is also implemented to accurately simulate Coulomb scattering, particularly in high-density plasma regimes. The new version of the CHAOS code is tested in collisionless and collisional conditions and validated against experiments. The effect of injected ion beam profile and inclusion of Coulomb collisions in the simulation results present new insights into an understanding of the experimental results. In particular, we investigate the role of Coulomb collisions at plasma densities higher than those reported in the experiment and demonstrate the impact of increased collisionality through analyses of 3D electron trajectories and electron velocity distribution functions (EVDFs).