A scoping review of psychiatric hospital evacuation during disasters

Psychiatric hospitals play a critical role in treating and rehabilitating individuals with mental illnesses by alleviating symptoms and enhancing both physical and psychological functioning. However, these facilities are not immune to the risks posed by natural or man-made disasters. In such events, evacuating and relocating at-risk patients to safer locations is often the most logical and effective response. Most patients in psychiatric hospitals suffer from chronic, long-term mental health conditions that can lead to significant disabilities. As a result, evacuation procedures in psychiatric settings differ markedly from those in general hospitals. The objective of this scoping review was specifically examining the key aspects related to the evacuation of psychiatric hospitals during disasters. Out of 2,017 articles initially identified, eight met the eligibility criteria and were directly relevant to the topic. Thematic analysis using an inductive approach revealed three main categories and nine subcategories related to the evacuation of psychiatric hospitals during disasters. The main categories were: Pre-evacuation, During-evacuation, and Post-evacuation. The subcategories included preparedness, equipment and infrastructure, triggers, patient care, staffing, communication and coordination, safety, short-term stabilization, and long-term recovery. This study provides a foundational framework for future research into how psychiatric hospitals respond during disasters. It also offers meaningful insights for policymakers and healthcare officials working to improve disaster preparedness and response in mental health care settings.