<p>Gingivitis is observed in the majority of children in Germany, while other periodontal diseases such as periodontitis are extremely rare in children. However, when periodontitis does occur, it is often associated with a severe general disease or syndrome. Early diagnosis—using the periodontal screening index—plays a decisive role in successful treatment. Necrotizing periodontal disease is an acute form of periodontitis and can be an indication of a serious immune disorder. In such cases, a general medical examination is essential. Periodontal reces-sions are often detected after orthodontic treatment. However, this is only one of several possible risk factors. If surgical recession coverage is indicated, due to incomplete growth, it is advisable to wait until the age of adulthood is reached.</p>