Versorgung genetisch bedingter Strukturanomalien im Milchgebiss: 3 Fallberichte

The care of children and adolescents with genetically determined structural anomalies of the teeth represents a special challenge in dental practice. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial prognostic factors for good functional and aesthetic outcomes. To avoid functional disorders of the masticatory system and unaesthetic appearance, different treatment options are described in the context of an interdisciplinary treatment approach, depending on the age of the patient, time of diagnosis, clinical condition, severity of disease, expectations, and compliance. Due to the stigmatization and peer rejection caused by their appearance, reconstruction of the anterior teeth with compomer or polycarbonate crowns to optimize aesthetics plays a decisive role in the primary dentition, in addition to restoring the primary molars with fabricated steel crowns or indirect computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-based restorations. Challenges in the treatment of such structural defects in the mixed dentition or permanent dentition are the change of teeth and the growing jaw, which only allow temporary restorations. The present three case reports demonstrate the complexity of dental care for genetically determined structural anomalies in the primary dentition and emphasize the necessity of early diagnosis with the primary preventive goal of structural preservation or therapeutic aesthetic and functional rehabilitation. The first two cases refer to the treatment of amelogenesis imperfecta, while the third case describes treatment for dentinogenesis imperfecta.