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Background <p>Bitter gourd and its wild species are highly nutritious and valued for medicinal importance but very limited studies exist on diversity of nutritional traits. Although, yield improvement in bitter gourd has largely been achieved but very little attention has been given to enhance the nutritional quality particularly bioactive health compounds, antioxidants capacity, and mineral nutrients. Therefore, there is need to prioritize research to gain in depth knowledge of these traits and developing nutrient dense genotypes. In the present study, 46 genotypes of cultivated bitter gourd and its wild species were evaluated for bioactive compounds and mineral nutrients.</p> Methods <p>46 diverse genotypes of bitter gourd, including commercially released varieties, improved breeding lines, trait-specific germplasm, and wild Momordica species, collected from India and various parts of the world were used in this study. These genotypes were evaluated for total carotenoids at the edible and ripening stage (µg/g FW), vitamin-C (mg/100&#xa0;g FW), saponins (µg/g FW), charantin (µg/g FW), Mg (mg/100&#xa0;g DW), Fe (mg/100&#xa0;g DW), Mn (mg/100&#xa0;g DW), Ca (mg/100&#xa0;g DW) and Zn (mg/100&#xa0;g DW).</p> Results <p>Wide variation was observed for total carotenoids at edible (10.92–19.76&#xa0;µg/g FW) and ripening stage (32.81–59.55&#xa0;µg/g FW), vitamin-C (42.84–95.49&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g FW), saponins (50.73–67.55&#xa0;µg/g FW), charantin (24.65–39.64&#xa0;µg/g FW), Mg (81.34-141.79&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g DW), Fe (11.32–29.85&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g DW), Mn (6.62–12.63&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g DW), Ca (62.47–111.50&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g DW) and Zn (6.385–12.40&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g DW). The genotypes like Pusa Do Mousami, DBG-33-2, Sel-32, and PVGy-201 were superior for bioactive and antioxidant compounds, and IC467683, DBGS-100-0, Pusa Do Mousami, S-59, and IC44423 for mineral nutrients. All genotypes were grouped into six clusters for bioactive compounds, and four clusters for mineral nutrient. The maximum inter-cluster distance between clusters II and V (226.15) and II and IV (195.39) for bioactive compounds and mineral nutrients, respectively, indicates wider genetic divergence. PCA of the first two components accounted for 75.50% of the total variation for bioactive compounds and 77.50% for mineral nutrients of the first three components.</p> Conclusion <p>This signifies a high degree of correlation among traits, suggesting that selection will be an effective breeding method for enhancing nutritional traits in bitter gourd. This study demonstrates that bitter gourd and its wild species possess important bioactive health compounds as well as mineral nutrients for a balanced diet.</p>

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Comparative nutritional profiling among the genotypes of cultivated and wild species of bitter gourd based on bioactive compounds and mineral nutrients

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月14日

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  • Banoth Tharun,
  • Gograj Singh Jat,
  • Deepak Singh,
  • Vishal Sunartiya,
  • G. Archana,
  • Sachin Kumar,
  • Rakesh Bhardwaj,
  • Manisha Mangal,
  • Naveen Singh,
  • Jeetendra Kumar Ranjan,
  • Avinash Tomer,
  • Tusar Kanti Behera

摘要

Background

Bitter gourd and its wild species are highly nutritious and valued for medicinal importance but very limited studies exist on diversity of nutritional traits. Although, yield improvement in bitter gourd has largely been achieved but very little attention has been given to enhance the nutritional quality particularly bioactive health compounds, antioxidants capacity, and mineral nutrients. Therefore, there is need to prioritize research to gain in depth knowledge of these traits and developing nutrient dense genotypes. In the present study, 46 genotypes of cultivated bitter gourd and its wild species were evaluated for bioactive compounds and mineral nutrients.

Methods

46 diverse genotypes of bitter gourd, including commercially released varieties, improved breeding lines, trait-specific germplasm, and wild Momordica species, collected from India and various parts of the world were used in this study. These genotypes were evaluated for total carotenoids at the edible and ripening stage (µg/g FW), vitamin-C (mg/100 g FW), saponins (µg/g FW), charantin (µg/g FW), Mg (mg/100 g DW), Fe (mg/100 g DW), Mn (mg/100 g DW), Ca (mg/100 g DW) and Zn (mg/100 g DW).

Results

Wide variation was observed for total carotenoids at edible (10.92–19.76 µg/g FW) and ripening stage (32.81–59.55 µg/g FW), vitamin-C (42.84–95.49 mg/100 g FW), saponins (50.73–67.55 µg/g FW), charantin (24.65–39.64 µg/g FW), Mg (81.34-141.79 mg/100 g DW), Fe (11.32–29.85 mg/100 g DW), Mn (6.62–12.63 mg/100 g DW), Ca (62.47–111.50 mg/100 g DW) and Zn (6.385–12.40 mg/100 g DW). The genotypes like Pusa Do Mousami, DBG-33-2, Sel-32, and PVGy-201 were superior for bioactive and antioxidant compounds, and IC467683, DBGS-100-0, Pusa Do Mousami, S-59, and IC44423 for mineral nutrients. All genotypes were grouped into six clusters for bioactive compounds, and four clusters for mineral nutrient. The maximum inter-cluster distance between clusters II and V (226.15) and II and IV (195.39) for bioactive compounds and mineral nutrients, respectively, indicates wider genetic divergence. PCA of the first two components accounted for 75.50% of the total variation for bioactive compounds and 77.50% for mineral nutrients of the first three components.

Conclusion

This signifies a high degree of correlation among traits, suggesting that selection will be an effective breeding method for enhancing nutritional traits in bitter gourd. This study demonstrates that bitter gourd and its wild species possess important bioactive health compounds as well as mineral nutrients for a balanced diet.