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<p>Thrombocytopenia is a clinically significant hematological disorder frequently associated with chemotherapy and infectious diseases, for which effective dietary or supportive interventions remain limited. Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) leaf extract is traditionally recognized for its hematological benefits, while whey serves as a nutritionally rich and functionally suitable delivery medium for bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to develop a low-calorie papaya leaf extract–incorporated therapeutic whey beverage and to evaluate its hematoprotective efficacy in a cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenic rat model. A therapeutic whey beverage was formulated by incorporating 20% (v/v) aqueous papaya leaf extract into <i>Paneer</i> whey and sweetened using stevia (1.5%, w/v). Thrombocytopenia was induced in male Wistar rats using cyclophosphamide (50&#xa0;mg/kg body weight for three consecutive days), and animals were divided into control, thrombocytopenic control, and therapeutic beverage–fed groups. The formulated beverage was administered orally at a dose of 1 mL/rat/day, and hematological parameters, including platelet count and white blood cell count, were monitored at regular intervals over a 20-day experimental period. Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in a marked reduction in platelet and leukocyte counts, confirming successful induction of thrombocytopenia. Rats fed the papaya leaf extract–based therapeutic whey beverage exhibited a statistically significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and progressive recovery of both platelet and white blood cell counts compared to thrombocytopenic controls, which showed minimal spontaneous recovery. By the end of the study, hematological parameters in the treated group approached or exceeded normal physiological ranges. These findings demonstrate that the developed papaya leaf extract–incorporated low-calorie whey beverage possesses considerable hematoprotective potential against cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia, emphasizing the promise of food-based functional delivery systems for managing thrombocytopenic conditions.</p>

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Hematoprotective effects of papaya leaf extract–incorporated therapeutic whey beverage in cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenic rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Himanshu Kumar Singh,
  • Vijay Kumar,
  • D. B. Puranik,
  • Ankit Bihola,
  • Shaikh Adil

摘要

Thrombocytopenia is a clinically significant hematological disorder frequently associated with chemotherapy and infectious diseases, for which effective dietary or supportive interventions remain limited. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf extract is traditionally recognized for its hematological benefits, while whey serves as a nutritionally rich and functionally suitable delivery medium for bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to develop a low-calorie papaya leaf extract–incorporated therapeutic whey beverage and to evaluate its hematoprotective efficacy in a cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenic rat model. A therapeutic whey beverage was formulated by incorporating 20% (v/v) aqueous papaya leaf extract into Paneer whey and sweetened using stevia (1.5%, w/v). Thrombocytopenia was induced in male Wistar rats using cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg body weight for three consecutive days), and animals were divided into control, thrombocytopenic control, and therapeutic beverage–fed groups. The formulated beverage was administered orally at a dose of 1 mL/rat/day, and hematological parameters, including platelet count and white blood cell count, were monitored at regular intervals over a 20-day experimental period. Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in a marked reduction in platelet and leukocyte counts, confirming successful induction of thrombocytopenia. Rats fed the papaya leaf extract–based therapeutic whey beverage exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.05) and progressive recovery of both platelet and white blood cell counts compared to thrombocytopenic controls, which showed minimal spontaneous recovery. By the end of the study, hematological parameters in the treated group approached or exceeded normal physiological ranges. These findings demonstrate that the developed papaya leaf extract–incorporated low-calorie whey beverage possesses considerable hematoprotective potential against cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia, emphasizing the promise of food-based functional delivery systems for managing thrombocytopenic conditions.