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<p>This study investigates the variables influencing the quality of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO<sub>2</sub>) extraction and the lipid composition in virgin palm kernel oil sourced from Thailand. Palm kernel oil was extracted using the SC-CO<sub>2</sub> technique at temperatures ranging within 35–100&#xa0;°C and pressures of 74–300&#xa0;bar for durations of 30–90&#xa0;min. At a temperature of 35&#xa0;°C, a pressure of 300&#xa0;bar, and an extraction time of 60&#xa0;min, the carbon dioxide density was 929.64&#xa0;kg/m³, and the solvent to feed ratio was 10.68&#xa0;kg CO₂/kg dry weight of sample. These conditions resulted in the highest palm kernel oil yield of 42.13 ± 0.15%. The peroxide value was 0.71 ± 0.02 meq O<sub>2</sub>/kg oil, which is below that achieved with compression extraction, namely 0.83 ± 0.03 meq O<sub>2</sub>/kg oil. Additionally, SC-CO<sub>2</sub> extraction is an efficient and selective extraction method, yielding more lauric acid (C12:0) than hexane solvent extraction or compression, with the lauric acid content reaching up to 50.10%. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential applications and nutritional properties of palm kernel oil in various industries, including food and cosmetics.</p>

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Optimization of palm kernel oil extraction using the SC-CO₂ technique from palm oil mill by-products in Thailand

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月31日

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  • Teerasak Punvichai,
  • Santichai Inrit,
  • Tharawee Wachiratreeyakul,
  • Suparat Peaklin,
  • Sirusa Kritsanapuntu,
  • Chatchawan Chotimarkorn,
  • Preeyabhorn Detarun,
  • Ladawan Lerslerwong

摘要

This study investigates the variables influencing the quality of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and the lipid composition in virgin palm kernel oil sourced from Thailand. Palm kernel oil was extracted using the SC-CO2 technique at temperatures ranging within 35–100 °C and pressures of 74–300 bar for durations of 30–90 min. At a temperature of 35 °C, a pressure of 300 bar, and an extraction time of 60 min, the carbon dioxide density was 929.64 kg/m³, and the solvent to feed ratio was 10.68 kg CO₂/kg dry weight of sample. These conditions resulted in the highest palm kernel oil yield of 42.13 ± 0.15%. The peroxide value was 0.71 ± 0.02 meq O2/kg oil, which is below that achieved with compression extraction, namely 0.83 ± 0.03 meq O2/kg oil. Additionally, SC-CO2 extraction is an efficient and selective extraction method, yielding more lauric acid (C12:0) than hexane solvent extraction or compression, with the lauric acid content reaching up to 50.10%. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential applications and nutritional properties of palm kernel oil in various industries, including food and cosmetics.