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<p>This study evaluated the nutritional, sensory, and biological properties of pan bread fortified with cactus cladode powder (Opuntia ficus-indica) and its protective effects against methotrexate (MTX)-induced toxicity in rats. GC-MS analysis identified 15 bioactive compounds in the cactus extract, including oleic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, and various trimethylsilyl esters. Chemical composition analysis revealed that increasing the levels of cactus powder improved fiber and ash content but reduced protein and carbohydrate levels. Sensory evaluation showed that pan bread containing 14% cactus powder (PBCC 14%) had the highest acceptability, indicating this level as optimal for consumer preference. In vivo, PBCC significantly mitigated MTX-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and oxidative stress, as demonstrated by improvements in liver and kidney function markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and histopathological observations. Combined treatment with silymarin and cactus powder further enhanced these protective effects. These findings suggest that cactus-fortified pan bread, particularly at 14% inclusion, offers nutritional benefits and potential protective properties against chemotherapy-induced organ toxicity.</p>

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Protective biological effects of pan bread fortified with opuntia ficus-indica cladodes against hepatic toxicity in rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Marwa W. Abohleka,
  • Sanaa M. Abdel-Hameed,
  • Hanaa S. S. Gazwi,
  • Osama I. A. Soltan

摘要

This study evaluated the nutritional, sensory, and biological properties of pan bread fortified with cactus cladode powder (Opuntia ficus-indica) and its protective effects against methotrexate (MTX)-induced toxicity in rats. GC-MS analysis identified 15 bioactive compounds in the cactus extract, including oleic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, and various trimethylsilyl esters. Chemical composition analysis revealed that increasing the levels of cactus powder improved fiber and ash content but reduced protein and carbohydrate levels. Sensory evaluation showed that pan bread containing 14% cactus powder (PBCC 14%) had the highest acceptability, indicating this level as optimal for consumer preference. In vivo, PBCC significantly mitigated MTX-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and oxidative stress, as demonstrated by improvements in liver and kidney function markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and histopathological observations. Combined treatment with silymarin and cactus powder further enhanced these protective effects. These findings suggest that cactus-fortified pan bread, particularly at 14% inclusion, offers nutritional benefits and potential protective properties against chemotherapy-induced organ toxicity.