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Background <p>Burnout prevalence among surgical residents is high, yet patterns across training years across training remain poorly understood, particularly in Latin American contexts. We examined how burnout domains evolve across postgraduate years in general surgery residents and whether these patterns differ by resident origin.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study surveyed all 37 general surgery residents (PGY1-PGY5) at a Mexican academic institution in October 2025, achieving 100% response rate. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, measuring emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Kruskal-Wallis tests compared domains across training years, Jonckheere-Terpstra tests evaluated monotonic trends, and linear regression models examined associations between training year and burnout, adjusting for demographics and resident origin (local vs. non-local).</p> Results <p>Mean age was 28.9 years, 54.1% were female, and 62.2% were non-local residents. Personal accomplishment differed significantly across training years (<i>p</i> = 0.023), with scores increasing from PGY1 to PGY5. Monotonic trends confirmed progressive decreases in emotional exhaustion (ρ = -0.415, <i>p</i> = 0.011) and increases in personal accomplishment (ρ = 0.530, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) throughout training. High burnout prevalence declined substantially: emotional exhaustion from 37.5% (PGY1) to 11.1% (PGY5), depersonalization from 50.0% (PGY1) to 22.2% (PGY5), and low personal accomplishment from 75.0% (PGY1) to 0% (PGY5). Resident origin showed no significant association with burnout domains or trajectories.</p> Conclusions <p>Burnout improves progressively during surgical residency, with junior residents most vulnerable and senior residents demonstrating substantial recovery. These findings challenge assumptions of worsening burnout and emphasize targeted early support while preserving the transformative aspects of surgical training.</p>

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Burnout trajectories across general surgery residency: a complete cohort analysis from a Latin American Institution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Alfredo Verastegui,
  • Mauricio Gonzalez-Urquijo,
  • Diego Maldonado,
  • Adolfo Leyva-Alvizo,
  • Mario Rodarte-Shade

摘要

Background

Burnout prevalence among surgical residents is high, yet patterns across training years across training remain poorly understood, particularly in Latin American contexts. We examined how burnout domains evolve across postgraduate years in general surgery residents and whether these patterns differ by resident origin.

Methods

This cross-sectional study surveyed all 37 general surgery residents (PGY1-PGY5) at a Mexican academic institution in October 2025, achieving 100% response rate. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, measuring emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Kruskal-Wallis tests compared domains across training years, Jonckheere-Terpstra tests evaluated monotonic trends, and linear regression models examined associations between training year and burnout, adjusting for demographics and resident origin (local vs. non-local).

Results

Mean age was 28.9 years, 54.1% were female, and 62.2% were non-local residents. Personal accomplishment differed significantly across training years (p = 0.023), with scores increasing from PGY1 to PGY5. Monotonic trends confirmed progressive decreases in emotional exhaustion (ρ = -0.415, p = 0.011) and increases in personal accomplishment (ρ = 0.530, p < 0.001) throughout training. High burnout prevalence declined substantially: emotional exhaustion from 37.5% (PGY1) to 11.1% (PGY5), depersonalization from 50.0% (PGY1) to 22.2% (PGY5), and low personal accomplishment from 75.0% (PGY1) to 0% (PGY5). Resident origin showed no significant association with burnout domains or trajectories.

Conclusions

Burnout improves progressively during surgical residency, with junior residents most vulnerable and senior residents demonstrating substantial recovery. These findings challenge assumptions of worsening burnout and emphasize targeted early support while preserving the transformative aspects of surgical training.