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Purpose <p>Growth mindset (GM), the belief that one’s abilities can improve over time, has numerous benefits for learners, but most studies on GM in surgical education to date are cross-sectional and exploratory. This pilot study evaluated a longitudinal GM intervention which was specifically designed for surgical interns.</p> Methods <p>The study occurred at two large academic general surgery residency programs during the 2024–25 academic year. We adapted an established workshop and implemented it during orientation (W1) and 9 months later (W2). An additional check-in session occurred two months after W1. Mindset was assessed at multiple time points with an established questionnaire. Free responses about applications of the training and barriers to adopting GMs were inductively coded and thematically analyzed.</p> Results <p>Sixty-nine interns participated in W1, 40 in the check-in, and 22 in W2. Perceptions of the workshop were favorable. The mean GM score increased with large effect size from before to after W1 but declined by the check-in and remained unchanged to the start of W2, after which it again increased. Applications included cognitive (reflecting on their learning, avoiding comparisons to others) and behavioral themes (seeking feedback, supporting peers). Barriers included personal (ego, old habits), interpersonal (surgical culture, negative judgments), and structural factors (workload, evaluation).</p> Conclusions <p>A brief GM intervention is well-regarded by surgical interns and significantly improves GM scores. However, exposure to the day-to-day challenges of internship adversely impacts their mindsets and ability to enact GM-promoting strategies. Learner-focused interventions may benefit from additional efforts to address interpersonal and structural barriers.</p>

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Fostering growth mindsets in surgical interns: a multi-institutional pilot study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Michael A. Kochis,
  • Rebecca B. Tang,
  • James Warwick,
  • Deanna L. Rothman,
  • Dandan Chen,
  • Jonathan B. Greer,
  • Keith H. Baker,
  • Roy Phitayakorn,
  • Angela A. Guzzetta

摘要

Purpose

Growth mindset (GM), the belief that one’s abilities can improve over time, has numerous benefits for learners, but most studies on GM in surgical education to date are cross-sectional and exploratory. This pilot study evaluated a longitudinal GM intervention which was specifically designed for surgical interns.

Methods

The study occurred at two large academic general surgery residency programs during the 2024–25 academic year. We adapted an established workshop and implemented it during orientation (W1) and 9 months later (W2). An additional check-in session occurred two months after W1. Mindset was assessed at multiple time points with an established questionnaire. Free responses about applications of the training and barriers to adopting GMs were inductively coded and thematically analyzed.

Results

Sixty-nine interns participated in W1, 40 in the check-in, and 22 in W2. Perceptions of the workshop were favorable. The mean GM score increased with large effect size from before to after W1 but declined by the check-in and remained unchanged to the start of W2, after which it again increased. Applications included cognitive (reflecting on their learning, avoiding comparisons to others) and behavioral themes (seeking feedback, supporting peers). Barriers included personal (ego, old habits), interpersonal (surgical culture, negative judgments), and structural factors (workload, evaluation).

Conclusions

A brief GM intervention is well-regarded by surgical interns and significantly improves GM scores. However, exposure to the day-to-day challenges of internship adversely impacts their mindsets and ability to enact GM-promoting strategies. Learner-focused interventions may benefit from additional efforts to address interpersonal and structural barriers.