Purpose <p>Simulation is a growing and effective modality for nontechnical skills curricula in surgical education, with a large focus on communication. Other related skills and character traits are less well-studied or have gone unaddressed. The objective of this review is to describe the literature on the use of nontechnical surgical simulation for the broader assessment and development of five character traits—empathy, courage, composure, humility, and honesty.</p> Methods <p>A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Education Full Text databases to identify relevant articles published before July 2023. Studies using simulation to evaluate empathy, courage, composure, humility, or honesty among surgical trainees were included. Two independent reviewers screened all articles with a third reviewer arbitrating differences. Extracted data included details of simulation design, character traits studied, and assessment methodology.</p> Results <p>Of 1921 unique articles identified, 227 underwent full-text review, and 12 were included in our analysis. Modes of simulation included low and high-fidelity scenarios and a variety of surgical subspecialties and training environments were represented. A majority (<i>n</i> = 7, 58%) included simulation as part of a larger multimodal nontechnical skills curriculum; few (<i>n</i> = 2, 17%) assessed technical and nontechnical skills simultaneously. Empathy was the most frequent skill of interest evaluated (<i>n</i> = 12, 100%) followed by composure (<i>n</i> = 2, 17%), with no studies identified that evaluated courage, humility, or honesty. Raters varied between participants, peers, standardized actors, and external raters. Most (<i>n</i> = 9, 75%) used a form of validated psychometric tool such as the Jefferson Scale of Empathy to assess character attributes from one perspective only (<i>n</i> = 7, 58%). Participants often received immediate performance feedback (<i>n</i> = 7, 58%) following simulation, with a minority of studies (<i>n</i> = 5, 42%) assessing skill retention or change in practice following curriculum participation.</p> Conclusions <p>This review illustrates a lack of nontechnical skills simulation curricula to evaluate character traits among surgical trainees. Future work is needed to address the gaps identified in this review including integration of technical and non-technical skills assessment, inclusion of multiple character traits, and a “360 degree” evaluation of participants to provide surgical trainees with a more comprehensive curriculum.</p>