<p>Psychological empowerment is critical in the health management of cancer patients. This review aims to analyze the conceptual development, structure, and measurement of psychological empowerment, as well as evaluate the effects of empowerment-based interventions in cancer rehabilitation. CINAHL, CNKI, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception until July 2024. Out of 2734 potentially relevant papers, 37 were included for analysis. The results revealed the concept of psychological empowerment in cancer patients is becoming more clearly defined; however, there is a lack of questionnaires with a solid theoretical basis for measuring it. We suggest four strategies to enhance the psychological empowerment of cancer patients: emphasize shared decision-making, improve patient education for empowerment, support the creation of peer networks, and develop network support resources.</p>