<p>In the recent past, climate change has caused severe stress to crops in India, with subsequent major challenges for farmers. This situation has prompted efforts to adapt and reduce the risks of crop failure by developing more resilient crop varieties. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research&#xa0;(ICAR), New Delhi has played a key role in this regard, including the development and promotion of these new crop varieties among farmers. This study presents a qualitative overview of 109 climate resilient crop varieties, released by ICAR on 11th August 2024 in a national programme and dedicated to the nation. These 109 crop varieties were representing to different crop categories: cereal 23; pulses 11; oilseeds 7; forage 7; sugarcane 4; fibre 6; potential crops 11; fruits 8; vegetables 8; tubers 3; spices 6; plantation 6; flowers 5; and medicinal plants 4. By showcasing the processes used in developing these new varieties, their unique attributes for withstanding abiotic (e.g., drought, moisture stress, flood, alkalinity and salinity) and biotic (insect pests and diseases) stresses were identified along with strategy needed to promote them. Further, the enhanced quality attributes of some of these field and horticultural crop varieties have the potential to mitigate nutritional deficiencies prevailing in masses. These new varieties also have the capacity for adoption in different states, characterized with diverse agro-climatic zones in the country. A strong collaboration and networking among central and state institutions; and private players are a pre-requisite in promoting and sustaining diversity of crop through newly developed climate resilient crop varieties. The strategy of proliferating the seeds and propagules, and promoting the newly developed crop varieties to a range of stakeholders (including central and state agencies, <i>Krishi Vigyan Kendra</i> (Farm Science Centre), FPOs (Farmer Producer Organizations), private seed growers, and social institutions), is seen as instrumental for their wider production, enabling adaptation to multiple stressors and their associated agricultural risks. The socio-economic and institutional aspects of these new crop varieties, including bio-fortification and nutraceutical dimensions, may help policy planners in devising suitable strategies for facing and adapting to differential stressors and ensuring nutritional security. Ultimately, the collective efforts enabled through planned and autonomous practices supported by state and central policies can ease access of climate resilient varieties by farmers, and reducing climate risk in agriculture. Overall, such process can build social-ecological resilience in agricultural field and strengthen SDG-2 (<i>Zero Hunger</i>), SDG-13 (<i>Climate Action</i>) and SDG-15 (<i>Life on Land</i>).</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Climate Resilient Crop Varieties: Mainstreaming to Improve Yield and Moderate Farmers’ Risk

  • D. K. Yadava,
  • Ranjay K. Singh,
  • V. B. Patel,
  • T. R. Sharma,
  • S. K. Singh,
  • Sudhakar Pandey,
  • P. R. Choudhury,
  • Firoz Hossain,
  • R. R. Burman,
  • U. S. Gautam,
  • Himanshu Pathak

摘要

In the recent past, climate change has caused severe stress to crops in India, with subsequent major challenges for farmers. This situation has prompted efforts to adapt and reduce the risks of crop failure by developing more resilient crop varieties. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi has played a key role in this regard, including the development and promotion of these new crop varieties among farmers. This study presents a qualitative overview of 109 climate resilient crop varieties, released by ICAR on 11th August 2024 in a national programme and dedicated to the nation. These 109 crop varieties were representing to different crop categories: cereal 23; pulses 11; oilseeds 7; forage 7; sugarcane 4; fibre 6; potential crops 11; fruits 8; vegetables 8; tubers 3; spices 6; plantation 6; flowers 5; and medicinal plants 4. By showcasing the processes used in developing these new varieties, their unique attributes for withstanding abiotic (e.g., drought, moisture stress, flood, alkalinity and salinity) and biotic (insect pests and diseases) stresses were identified along with strategy needed to promote them. Further, the enhanced quality attributes of some of these field and horticultural crop varieties have the potential to mitigate nutritional deficiencies prevailing in masses. These new varieties also have the capacity for adoption in different states, characterized with diverse agro-climatic zones in the country. A strong collaboration and networking among central and state institutions; and private players are a pre-requisite in promoting and sustaining diversity of crop through newly developed climate resilient crop varieties. The strategy of proliferating the seeds and propagules, and promoting the newly developed crop varieties to a range of stakeholders (including central and state agencies, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Farm Science Centre), FPOs (Farmer Producer Organizations), private seed growers, and social institutions), is seen as instrumental for their wider production, enabling adaptation to multiple stressors and their associated agricultural risks. The socio-economic and institutional aspects of these new crop varieties, including bio-fortification and nutraceutical dimensions, may help policy planners in devising suitable strategies for facing and adapting to differential stressors and ensuring nutritional security. Ultimately, the collective efforts enabled through planned and autonomous practices supported by state and central policies can ease access of climate resilient varieties by farmers, and reducing climate risk in agriculture. Overall, such process can build social-ecological resilience in agricultural field and strengthen SDG-2 (Zero Hunger), SDG-13 (Climate Action) and SDG-15 (Life on Land).

Graphical Abstract