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<p>Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as a prominent means of nanotherapy and nanodiagnostic precision in biomedical applications, addressing some life-threatening diseases worldwide. This Ferrofluid, typically magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) or maghemite (γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), exhibited strong superparamagnetism below ~ 20&#xa0;nm, allowing it to generate strong magnetic susceptibility without or absolutely zero residual magnetization. In this review, special attention has been drawn to colloidal stability and theranostic precision of IONPs, synthetic process governing nucleation and growth kinetics procedures of IONPs and the impact/role of surface modifiers in drug delivery (DD) for targeted cancer therapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement for theranostic, magnetic hyperthermia (MH) for targeted cancer therapy and antimicrobial for wound healing applications. These selected applications are due to the special properties exhibited by IONPs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, superparamagnetism, and nanoscale dimensions. These properties have the propensity to stimulate the magneto-mechanical properties of IONPs and heighten the biomedical applications even at the cellular level. This work systematically explores the role of the synthesis procedures and surface modifiers strategies with particular emphasis on enhancing the physicochemical and magneto-mechanical properties, as well as immune invasion, in advancing the efficacy of IONPs for biomedical applications. Nevertheless, emergent challenges remain chiefly in attaining long-term biosafety, scalability and reproducibility. Addressing these drawbacks will be necessary for successful special biomedical applications. By presenting a comprehensive overview of recent progress through the Web of Science, this review aims to guide both fundamental research toward the special synthesis protocol, functionalization procedures and biomedical applications of IONPs. Ultimately, the incorporation of ingenious synthesis approaches, lucid surface modification stratagems and translational research will accentuate the development of IONPs as next-generation nanomedicine platforms for biomedical applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Recent Advances in Synthesis and Functionalization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Promising Material toward Precision Biomedical Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Samson O. Aisida,
  • Alpay Köse,
  • Anıl Tevfik Koçer,
  • Ayşe Betül Bingöl,
  • Büşra Oktay,
  • Emre Karaduman,
  • İrem Çoksu,
  • Kaan Danış,
  • Meryem Yıldırım,
  • Mohammad Yaman Habra,
  • Pelin Pelit Arayıcı,
  • Selcen Arı Yuka,
  • Murat Topuzogullari,
  • Fabian I. Ezema,
  • Cem Bülent Üstündağ

摘要

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as a prominent means of nanotherapy and nanodiagnostic precision in biomedical applications, addressing some life-threatening diseases worldwide. This Ferrofluid, typically magnetite (Fe3O4) or maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), exhibited strong superparamagnetism below ~ 20 nm, allowing it to generate strong magnetic susceptibility without or absolutely zero residual magnetization. In this review, special attention has been drawn to colloidal stability and theranostic precision of IONPs, synthetic process governing nucleation and growth kinetics procedures of IONPs and the impact/role of surface modifiers in drug delivery (DD) for targeted cancer therapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement for theranostic, magnetic hyperthermia (MH) for targeted cancer therapy and antimicrobial for wound healing applications. These selected applications are due to the special properties exhibited by IONPs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, superparamagnetism, and nanoscale dimensions. These properties have the propensity to stimulate the magneto-mechanical properties of IONPs and heighten the biomedical applications even at the cellular level. This work systematically explores the role of the synthesis procedures and surface modifiers strategies with particular emphasis on enhancing the physicochemical and magneto-mechanical properties, as well as immune invasion, in advancing the efficacy of IONPs for biomedical applications. Nevertheless, emergent challenges remain chiefly in attaining long-term biosafety, scalability and reproducibility. Addressing these drawbacks will be necessary for successful special biomedical applications. By presenting a comprehensive overview of recent progress through the Web of Science, this review aims to guide both fundamental research toward the special synthesis protocol, functionalization procedures and biomedical applications of IONPs. Ultimately, the incorporation of ingenious synthesis approaches, lucid surface modification stratagems and translational research will accentuate the development of IONPs as next-generation nanomedicine platforms for biomedical applications.

Graphical Abstract