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<p>The present study aimed to phytofabricate silver nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf extract of <i>Rubus ellipticus</i> through an eco-friendly green synthesis approach and evaluate their anticancer potential against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and therapeutically challenging subtype of breast cancer, highlighting the need for safer and effective treatment alternatives. Formation of <i>Rubus ellipticus</i> Sm. derived silver nanoparticles (REAgNPs) was confirmed by a visible color change and a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 422&#xa0;nm in UV–Vis spectroscopy. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, SAED, AFM, XRD and zeta potential analysis revealed stable, spherical, crystalline nanoparticles with an average particle size of 10–30&#xa0;nm and a negative surface charge (-22mV) indicating colloidal stability. REAgNPs exhibited a potential antioxidant activity in DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated a concentration-dependent antiproliferative effect against MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 30.12&#xa0;µg/mL, comparable to the standard chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil. Mechanistic investigations revealed that REAgNPs-induced cytotoxicity involved mitochondrial membrane depolarization, nuclear and DNA damage, phosphatidylserine externalization, G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-3 activation, confirming apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. This study highlights <i>Rubus ellipticus</i> derived silver nanoparticles as promising eco-friendly nanotherapeutic candidates for triple-negative breast cancer, warranting further in vivo validation and safety evaluation.</p>

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Biofabricated Silver Nanoparticles from Rubus ellipticus Sm. as Potent Nanotherapeutics Targetting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Darakhshan Javaid,
  • Shahid Yousuf Ganie,
  • Sheikh Showkat Ahmad,
  • Satwinderjeet Kaur,
  • Mohd Salim Reshi

摘要

The present study aimed to phytofabricate silver nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf extract of Rubus ellipticus through an eco-friendly green synthesis approach and evaluate their anticancer potential against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and therapeutically challenging subtype of breast cancer, highlighting the need for safer and effective treatment alternatives. Formation of Rubus ellipticus Sm. derived silver nanoparticles (REAgNPs) was confirmed by a visible color change and a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 422 nm in UV–Vis spectroscopy. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, SAED, AFM, XRD and zeta potential analysis revealed stable, spherical, crystalline nanoparticles with an average particle size of 10–30 nm and a negative surface charge (-22mV) indicating colloidal stability. REAgNPs exhibited a potential antioxidant activity in DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated a concentration-dependent antiproliferative effect against MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, with an IC50 value of 30.12 µg/mL, comparable to the standard chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil. Mechanistic investigations revealed that REAgNPs-induced cytotoxicity involved mitochondrial membrane depolarization, nuclear and DNA damage, phosphatidylserine externalization, G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-3 activation, confirming apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. This study highlights Rubus ellipticus derived silver nanoparticles as promising eco-friendly nanotherapeutic candidates for triple-negative breast cancer, warranting further in vivo validation and safety evaluation.