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<p>Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized via an eco-friendly green route using <i>Crotalaria pallida</i> leaf extract, which acted as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited a characteristic ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption peak at ~ 365&#xa0;nm, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of ~ 30&#xa0;nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed a hydrodynamic diameter of 476.4&#xa0;nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.417 and a zeta potential of − 1.16&#xa0;mV. A 2-week stability study revealed no change in zeta potential, confirming good colloidal stability. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified phytochemical functional groups responsible for nanoparticle reduction and capping, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed nanoscale morphology. The nanoparticles exhibited significant biological activities, including antioxidant activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging IC₅₀ of 140.99&#xa0;µg/mL and superoxide scavenging IC₅₀ of 148.85&#xa0;µg/mL. The antidiabetic assay showed α-amylase inhibition with an IC₅₀ of 97.17&#xa0;µg/mL, compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC₅₀: ~ 12–15&#xa0;µg/mL). Antibacterial activity produced inhibition zones of 12–17&#xa0;mm against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, while cytotoxicity testing on A549 human lung carcinoma cells showed dose-dependent activity with an IC₅₀ of 52.31 ± 0.5&#xa0;µg/mL. Overall, this study demonstrates that <i>C. pallida</i>-mediated green synthesis provides a sustainable and efficient approach for generating biofunctional ZnO-NPs with promising biomedical potential.</p>

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Plant-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Crotalaria pallida Leaf Extract for Biomedical Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Shanmugarathinam Alagarsamy,
  • Subhasini Kandasamy,
  • Angelin Rose John Irudaya Kennedy,
  • Ruckmani Kandasamy

摘要

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized via an eco-friendly green route using Crotalaria pallida leaf extract, which acted as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited a characteristic ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption peak at ~ 365 nm, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of ~ 30 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed a hydrodynamic diameter of 476.4 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.417 and a zeta potential of − 1.16 mV. A 2-week stability study revealed no change in zeta potential, confirming good colloidal stability. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified phytochemical functional groups responsible for nanoparticle reduction and capping, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed nanoscale morphology. The nanoparticles exhibited significant biological activities, including antioxidant activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging IC₅₀ of 140.99 µg/mL and superoxide scavenging IC₅₀ of 148.85 µg/mL. The antidiabetic assay showed α-amylase inhibition with an IC₅₀ of 97.17 µg/mL, compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC₅₀: ~ 12–15 µg/mL). Antibacterial activity produced inhibition zones of 12–17 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, while cytotoxicity testing on A549 human lung carcinoma cells showed dose-dependent activity with an IC₅₀ of 52.31 ± 0.5 µg/mL. Overall, this study demonstrates that C. pallida-mediated green synthesis provides a sustainable and efficient approach for generating biofunctional ZnO-NPs with promising biomedical potential.