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<p>The creation of non-invasive glucose sensors to measure sweat glucose levels in real time has attracted a lot of attention lately. In this study, an graphite electrode-based electrochemical sensor modified with polyaniline/nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (PANI/NGO) was created, and its properties were examined for the detection of glucose. Following the hydrothermal synthesis of the PANI/NGO nanocomposite, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the elemental composition, surface morphology, vibrational bonds, and crystalline structure. By analysing the chemical states of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen and confirming successful nitrogen doping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated a strong interaction between PANI and NGO. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) were used to assess the electrochemical performance of the PANI/NGO-modified electrode. With a sensitivity of 16.3 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻² (R2 = 0.99) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 µM, the sensor demonstrated a linear current response for glucose concentrations ranging from 1µM to 5µM. Neutral stability was demonstrated by repeatability and reproducibility studies, which revealed relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.13% and 0.59%, respectively. Technically accurate selectivity against common sweat ingredients was demonstrated by interference studies. Based on these findings, the PANI/NGO-based sensor that was created is a quick, accurate, and dependable non-invasive glucose monitoring device that may be used for personalized healthcare applications as well as real-time tracking of athletic performance.</p>

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PANI/NGO Nanocomposite for Non-Invasive Glucose Detection: Electrochemical Insights and Applications in Athletic Performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Kirubha Perumal,
  • Sreeja Balakrishnapillai Suseela,
  • Radha Sankararajan

摘要

The creation of non-invasive glucose sensors to measure sweat glucose levels in real time has attracted a lot of attention lately. In this study, an graphite electrode-based electrochemical sensor modified with polyaniline/nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (PANI/NGO) was created, and its properties were examined for the detection of glucose. Following the hydrothermal synthesis of the PANI/NGO nanocomposite, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the elemental composition, surface morphology, vibrational bonds, and crystalline structure. By analysing the chemical states of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen and confirming successful nitrogen doping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated a strong interaction between PANI and NGO. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) were used to assess the electrochemical performance of the PANI/NGO-modified electrode. With a sensitivity of 16.3 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻² (R2 = 0.99) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 µM, the sensor demonstrated a linear current response for glucose concentrations ranging from 1µM to 5µM. Neutral stability was demonstrated by repeatability and reproducibility studies, which revealed relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.13% and 0.59%, respectively. Technically accurate selectivity against common sweat ingredients was demonstrated by interference studies. Based on these findings, the PANI/NGO-based sensor that was created is a quick, accurate, and dependable non-invasive glucose monitoring device that may be used for personalized healthcare applications as well as real-time tracking of athletic performance.