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<p>Breast cancer remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among women globally and a primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The challenges associated with conventional therapies such as toxicity and drug resistance highlight the urgent need for novel, biocompatible treatment alternatives. In this context, copper nanoparticles were produced using a green, microwave-assisted synthesis method with <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> leaf extract, offering a sustainable and efficient approach to nanoparticle. The synthesized AP-CuNPs were thoroughly characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, XRD, DLS, and zeta potential analysis, confirming their nanoscale size (69.1&#xa0;nm), crystalline nature, and surface stability. The anti-cancer activity of AP-CuNPs was assessed against MDA-MB-231 human triple-negative breast cancer cells using the MTT assay. Findings showed a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability, with an observed IC<sub>50</sub> of 62.68 ± 5.47&#xa0;µg/mL. Microscopic analysis revealed apoptotic-like features such as membrane blebbing and cell shrinkage, suggestive of apoptosis. These results indicate that AP-CuNPs possess notable cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cells and hold potential as an innovative nanotherapeutic candidate for the treatment of breast cancer. Further research, including molecular and in vivo studies, is needed to elucidate their mechanistic pathways and clinical relevance<b>.</b></p>

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Eco-Friendly Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized from Andrographis paniculata: A Potential Agent Against Breast Cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Binoy Varghese Cheriyan,
  • D. Ishwariya,
  • G. Prithi Jintha,
  • R. Godson Samdevapriyan,
  • S. Varsha,
  • M. Abdur Raaziq,
  • Mahalakshmi Devaraji

摘要

Breast cancer remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among women globally and a primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The challenges associated with conventional therapies such as toxicity and drug resistance highlight the urgent need for novel, biocompatible treatment alternatives. In this context, copper nanoparticles were produced using a green, microwave-assisted synthesis method with Andrographis paniculata leaf extract, offering a sustainable and efficient approach to nanoparticle. The synthesized AP-CuNPs were thoroughly characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, XRD, DLS, and zeta potential analysis, confirming their nanoscale size (69.1 nm), crystalline nature, and surface stability. The anti-cancer activity of AP-CuNPs was assessed against MDA-MB-231 human triple-negative breast cancer cells using the MTT assay. Findings showed a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability, with an observed IC50 of 62.68 ± 5.47 µg/mL. Microscopic analysis revealed apoptotic-like features such as membrane blebbing and cell shrinkage, suggestive of apoptosis. These results indicate that AP-CuNPs possess notable cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cells and hold potential as an innovative nanotherapeutic candidate for the treatment of breast cancer. Further research, including molecular and in vivo studies, is needed to elucidate their mechanistic pathways and clinical relevance.